3. R. T. Naylor, Hot Money and the Politics of Debt (New York: Linden/Simon and Schuster, 1987), 295 (“laundromat”). For Helliwell’s ownership, see Alan A. Block, Masters of Paradise (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1991), 165–66.
4. CIA Memo dated April 24, 1974, “RYBAT/JMSPUR/PLVWCADET Traffic Removed from C/WHD Personal Files during Watergate File Search. Traffic can be found in sealed sensitive envelope in safe No. 1322 located in WH/COG, Room 3D46,” NARA #104-10095-10326. C/WHD (Chief of Western Hemisphere Division) in 1974 was Theodore Shackley, discussed later. All the CIA and FBI documents discussed in this chapter can be seen on the Mary Ferrell website at http://www.maryferrell.org.
5. Block, Masters of Paradise, 161–62, 166.
6. Alan Block subsequently learned that it was the bank’s cofounder, Chicago lawyer “Burt Kanter, more so than Helliwell, who was instrumental in Castle’s formation.” He cites speculation that it was originally set up on behalf of the former Cleveland mob racketeer Morris Kleinman (Block, Masters of Paradise, 172).
7. Jim Drinkhall, “IRS vs. CIA: Big Tax Investigation Was Quietly Scuttled by Intelligence Agency,” Wall Street Journal, April 18, 1980.
8. Drinkhall, “IRS vs. CIA.”
9. Alfred W. McCoy, The Politics of Heroin (Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books/Chicago Review Press, 2003), 168–74; Block, Masters of Paradise, 169 (Thai police).
10. Alan A. Block and Constance A. Weaver, All Is Clouded by Desire: Global Banking, Money Laundering, and International Organized Crime (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2004), 38, citing Stephen Schlesinger and Stephen Kinzer, Bitter Fruit: The Untold Story of the American Coup in Guatemala (Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1983), 119. Cf. Peter Dale Scott, The War Conspiracy: JFK, 9/11, and the Deep Politics of War (Ipswich, MA: Mary Ferrell Foundation Press, 2008), 47, 67.
11. Drinkhall, “IRS vs. CIA.”
12. CIA Memo of August 18, 1976, for Chief, Security Analysis Group, NARA #104-10059-10013. The margin of the memo carries the following handwritten reference to Sam Giancana, the major figure in the CIA–Mafia assassination plots against Fidel Castro: “for file/Sam GIANCANA/not mentioned.”
13. Jonathan Marshall, Drug Wars: Corruption, Counterinsurgency and Covert Operations in the Third World (Forestville, CA: Cohan and Cohen, 1991), 54, citing Drinkhall, “IRS vs. CIA.”
14. Block notes that the spin-off of I.D.C. from Benguet was accompanied by a “payment of $329,439 to a Hong Kong Bank” (possibly into a Marcos account) (Block, Masters of Paradise, 98).
15. Profits from the Philippine gold mine—and possibly gold itself—reached I.D.C. from Asia. But I have not seen corroboration for the claim of Sterling and Peggy Seagrave that Groves and Helliwell were actually moving parts of the Japanese wartime gold hoard to the Bahamas “out of the Philippines, masquerading as gold from Benguet Mines” (Sterling Seagrave and Peggy Seagrave, Gold Warriors: America’s Secret Recovery of Yamashita’s Gold [London: Verso, 2003], 147). It is, however, of interest that the Marcos family also entered into business dealings with the CIA-related Nugan Hand Bank (see the following discussion), which some say included negotiations for the surreptitious shipment of Marcos’s gold (Jonathan Kwitny, The Crimes of Patriots [New York: Norton, 1987], 182, 186–87, 190).
16. McCoy, The Politics of Heroin, 279–80, 400–401. Lim Seng’s sources, Sukree Sukreepirom in Bangkok and Ng Sik-ho in Hong Kong, were part of the connection taken over by Ma Sik-yu and Ma Sik-chun, who as we saw in chapter 5 were believed by Hong Kong police to have met with Santos Trafficante in 1968 (McCoy, The Politics of Heroin, 400, 404, 410–11).
17. Sterling Seagrave, The Marcos Dynasty (New York: Harper and Row, 1988), 326; cf. McCoy, The Politics of Heroin, 400. In Gold Warriors, Seagrave and Seagrave argue that the Benguet–Nassau–Helliwell connection was used to move the Japanese war gold to the Bahamas “as part of an elaborate money-laundering scheme that included washing drug profits” (Seagrave and Seagrave, Gold Warriors, 147, cf. 209).
18. Penny Lernoux, In Banks We Trust (Garden City, NY: Anchor/Doubleday, 1984), 83.
