Anglo-American Establishment полностью

Clerk of Johannesburg, and been assistant secretary for local government in the

Transvaal. In 1906 he resigned his official positions to organize "Closer Union Groups"

agitating for a federation of South Africa. When this work was well started, he became a

member of the Transvaal Legislative Council and wrote the Transvaal draft of a projected

constitution for such a federation. In 1910-1912, and at various times subsequently, he

traveled about the world, organizing Round Table Groups in the Dominions and India. In

1912 he was chosen Beit Lecturer in Colonial History at Oxford, but gave it up in 1913 to

turn his attention for almost six years to the preparatory work for the Government of

India Act of 1919. He was secretary to the Irish Conference of 1921 (arranged by General

Smuts) and was adviser on Irish affairs to the Colonial Office for the next three years. In

1919 he was one of the chief—if not the chief,—founders of the Royal Institute of

International Affairs, and during the 1920s divided his attention between this and the

League of Nations—in neither case, however, in a fashion to attract public attention.

Undoubtedly his influence within the Milner Group declined after 1922, the

preponderance falling into the hands of Lothian, Brand, and Dawson. The failure to

achieve federation within the Empire was undoubtedly a blow to his personal feeling and

possibly to his prestige within the Group. Nonetheless, his influence remained great, and

still is. In the 1920s he moved to Kidlington, near Oxford, and thus was available for the

Group conferences held at All Souls. His chief published works include The Problem of

the Commonwealth (1915), The Commonwealth of Nations (1916), Dyarchy (1920), The

Prevention ofWar (1924), the Capital Question of China (1932), The Commonwealth of

God (1932-1938), and The Protectorates of South Africa (1935).

John Dove (1872-1934) was sent to Milner in 1903 by Sir William Anson, Warden of

All Souls. He was assistant Town Clerk and later Clerk of Johannesburg (1903-1907) and

then chairman of the Transvaal Land Settlement Board (1907-1909). After a trip to

Australia and India with Lionel Curtis, for the purpose of organizing Round Table

Groups, he returned to London in 1911 and lived with Brand and Kerr in Cumberland

Mansions. He went to South Africa with Earl Grey in 1912 to unveil the Rhodes

Memorial, and served in the First World War with military intelligence in France. In

1918 he became a kind of traveling representative of financial houses, probably as a

result of his relationship with Brand. He began this with an extended trip to India for the

Commonwealth Trust Company in 1918 and in the next fifteen years made almost annual

trips to Europe. Editor of The Round Table from 1921 to his death in 1934, he displayed

an idealistic streak similar to that found in Curtis but without the same driving spirit

behind it. After his death, Brand published a volume of his letters (1938). These are

chiefly descriptive of foreign scenes, the majority written to Brand himself.

Leopold Amery was not a member of the Kindergarten but knew all the members well

and was in South Africa, during their period of service, as chief correspondent of The

Times for the Boer War and the editor of The Times History of the South African War

(which appeared in seven volumes in the decade 1900-1909). Amery, who was a Fellow

of All Souls for fourteen years early in the century and has been one again since 1938, is

one of the inner core of the Milner Group. He started his career as private secretary to

Leonard H. Courtney, Unionist Member of Parliament and Deputy Speaker in Lord

Salisbury's second government. Through this connection, Amery was added to The Times

editorial staff (1899-1909) and would have become editor but for his decision to go into

politics. In this he was not, at first, successful, losing three contests as a Unionist and

tariff reformer in the high tide of Liberal supremacy (1906-1910). When victory came in

1911, it was a good one, for Amery held the same seat (for Birmingham) for thirty-four

years. During that time he held more important government posts than can be mentioned

here. These included the following: assistant secretary of the War Cabinet and Imperial

War Council (1917); secretary to the Secretary of State for War (Milner, 1917-1918);

Parliamentary Under Secretary for Colonies (1919-1921); Parliamentary and Financial

Secretary to the Admiralty (1921-1922); First Lord of the Admiralty (1922-1924);

Secretary of State for Colonies (1924-1929) and for Dominion Affairs (1925-1929);

Secretary of State for India and Burma (1940-1945). Amery wrote dozens of volumes,

chiefly on the Empire and imperial trade relations. In 1910 he married the sister of a

fellow Member of Parliament, Florence Greenwood. The colleague, Hamar Greenwood