Anglo-American Establishment полностью

to the delegation was George Parkin Glazebrook (Balliol 1924). Most of these names are

significant, but we need only point out that at least four of them, including the secretary

were members of the Milner Group (Massey, Corbett, Flavelle, Glazebrook). The New

Zealand delegation had three members, one of which was W. Downie Stewart, and the

South African delegation had five members, including F. S. Malan and Professor Eric A.

Walker. The secretariat to the whole conference was headed by I. S. Macadam of the

Royal Institute of International Affairs. The secretary to the United Kingdom delegation

was H. V. Hodson. Thus it would appear that the Milner Group had eight out of forty-

three delegates, as well as the secretaries to the Canadian and United Kingdom

delegations.

The conference was divided into four commissions, each of which had a chairman and

a rapporteur. In addition, the first commission (on foreign policy) was subdivided into

two subcommittees. The chairmen of the four commissions were Robert Cecil, Vincent

Massey, F. S. Malan, and W. Downie Stewart. Thus the Milner Group had two out of

four. The rapporteurs (including the two subcommittees) were A. L. Zimmern, H. V.

Hodson, P. E. Corbett, E. A. Walker, P. J. Noel-Baker, D. B. Somervell, and A. H.

Charteris. Thus the Milner Group had four out of seven and possibly more (as Walker

may be a member of the Group).

The discussions at the conference were secret, the press was excluded, and in the

published Proceedings, edited by A. J. Toynbee, all remarks were presented in indirect

discourse and considerably curtailed, without identification of the speakers. The

conference made a number of recommendations, including the following: (1) Dominion

High Commissioners in London should be given diplomatic status with direct access to

the Foreign Office; (2) junior members of Dominion Foreign Offices should receive a

period of training in the Foreign Office in London; (3) diplomatic representatives should

be exchanged between Dominions; (4) Commonwealth tribunals should be set up to settle

legal disputes between Dominions; (5) collective security and the League of Nations

should be supported; (6) cooperation with the United States was advocated.

The second unofficial conference on British Commonwealth relations was held near

Sydney, Australia, 3-17 September 1938. The expenses were met by grants from the

Carnegie Corporation and the Rhodes Trustees. The decision to hold the second

conference was made by the British members at the Yosemite meeting of the Institute of

Pacific Relations in 1936. A committee under Viscount Samuel met at Chatham House in

June 1937 and drew up the arrangements and the agenda. The selection of delegates was

left to the various Institutes of International Affairs. From the United Kingdom went Lord

Lothian (chairman), Lionel Curtis, W. K. Hancock, Hugh A. Wyndham, A. L. Zimmern,

Norman Bentwich, Ernest Bevin, V. A. Cazalet, A. M. Fraser, Sir John Burnett-Stuart,

Miss Grace Hadow, Sir Howard Kelly, Sir Frederick Minter, Sir John Pratt, and James

Walker. At least five out of fifteen, including the chairman, were of the Milner Group.

From Australia came thirty-one members, including T. R. Bavin (chairman of the

delegation), K. H. Bailey (a Rhodes Scholar), and A. H. Charteris. From Canada came

fifteen, including E. J. Tarr (chairman of the delegation) and P. E. Corbett. From India

came four Indians. From Ireland came five persons. From New Zealand came fourteen,

with W. Downie Stewart as chairman. From South Africa came six, including P. Van der

Byl (chairman) and G. R. Hofmeyr (an old associate of the Milner Kindergarten in the

Transvaal).

Of ninety delegates, nine were members of the Milner Group and three others may

have been. This is a small proportion, but the conduct of the conference was well

controlled. The chairmen of the three most important delegations were of the Milner

Group (Eggleston, Downie Stewart, and Lothian); the chairman of the conference itself

(Bavin) was. The secretary of the conference was Macadam, the recorder was Hodson,

and the secretary to the press committee was Lionel Vincent Massey (grandson of George

Parkin). The Proceedings of the conference were edited by Hodson, with an Introduction

by Bavin, and published by the Royal Institute of International Affairs. Again, no

indication was given of who said what.

The third unofficial conference on British Commonwealth relations was similar to the

others, although the war emergency restricted its membership to persons who were

already in London. As background material it prepared sixty-two books and papers, of

which many are now published. Among these was World War; Its Cause and Cure by

Lionel Curtis. The committee on arrangements and agenda, with Lord Astor as chairman,

met in New York in January 1944. The delegations outside the United Kingdom were

made up of persons doing war duty in London, with a liberal mixture of Dominion