Awe полностью

hallucinations that Joan Didion describes: For a compelling account of how grief can lead to altered patterns of thought and perception, bordering, at least in experience, on the hallucinatory, see Didion, Joan. The Year of Magical Thinking. New York: Vintage Books, 2007.

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Our minds are relational: Andersen, Susan, and Serena Chen. “The Relational Self: An Interpersonal Social-Cognitive Theory.” Psychological Review 109 (2002): 619–45.

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vastest mystery I had encountered: In his book A Brief History of Death, historian W. M. Spellman charts how death is the instigator of great thought and cultural forms. Across history, Spellman observes, cultures resort to one of three broad systems of beliefs to make sense of death. For the strict reductionists, the death of the body is it; it is the end of the individual. The agnostics throw up their hands, or keep open their minds, to the possibility that there is something beyond life, but they are noncommittal. And then there is most of humanity, which tells stories about some kind of afterlife, in different religious traditions. Spellman, W. M. A Brief History of Death. London: Reaktion Books, 2014. For more on the cultural history of how we approach death, see: Kerrigan, Michael. The History of Death. London: Amber Books, 2017.

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Chapter 1: Eight Wonders of Life

“our passions are uncharted”: Woolf, Virginia. Jacob’s Room. London: Hogarth Press, 1922, 105.

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every human experience: I was a graduate student at Stanford University, an epicenter of this cognitive revolution. My classmates Rich Gonzalez and Dale Griffin and I carried around the books just coming out by our faculty advisers about judgment and decision-making. There was buzz that someday this work, so challenging to accounts in economics of rational choice theory, would win Nobel Prizes, which proved to be the case for Daniel Kahneman and Richard Thaler. This work would make its way some thirty years later to popular books like: Kahneman’s Thinking, Fast and Slow and my friend Michael Lewis’s The Undoing Project from 2016. In the mid-1980s, our bibles were: Kahneman, Daniel, Paul Slovic, and Amos Tversky. Heuristics and Biases: Judgments under Uncertainty. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1982. Nisbett, Richard, and Lee Ross. Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1980.

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termed “System 1” thinking: Kahneman, Daniel. Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 2011.

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Ekman, though, would soon publish: Early in the science of emotion, Paul Ekman and, across the Atlantic in Switzerland, Klaus Scherer oriented the field to these elements of emotions: the quality of their experience, their expression, how they influence thought and action, and their neurophysiological patterning. These arguments underlie many of the studies that examine how awe differs from states like fear, interest, the feeling of beauty, and surprise. Ekman, Paul. “An Argument for Basic Emotions.” Cognition and Emotion 6, no. 3–4 (1992): 169–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699939208411068. Scherer, Klaus R. “The Dynamic Architecture of Emotion: Evidence for the Component Process Model.” Cognition & Emotion 23, no. 7 (2009): 1307–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930902928969.

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scientists mapped anger: For a superb review of the science of the six states Ekman drew our attention to, see: Lench, Heather C., Sarah A. Flores, and Shane W. Bench. “Discrete Emotions Predict Changes in Cognition, Judgment, Experience, Behavior, and Physiology: A Meta-analysis of Experimental Emotion Elicitations.” Psychological Bulletin 137 (2011): 834–55.

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restore our standing: Tangney, June P., Rowland S. Miller, Laura Flicker, and Deborah H. Barlow. “Are Shame, Guilt, and Embarrassment Distinct Emotions?” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70 (1996): 1256–64.

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