Children cry to signal hunger: Parsons, Christine E., Katherine S. Young, Morten Joensson, Elvira Brattico, Jonathan A. Hyam, Alan Stein, Alexander Green, Tipu Aziz, and Morten L. Kringelbach. “Ready for Action: A Role for the Human Midbrain in Responding to Infant Vocalizations.” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 9 (2014): 977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nst076.
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that twenty-first-century malaise: Surgeon General Vivek Murthy calls loneliness a “social recession,” and treats it as comparable in its influence upon the health of nations with economic recessions. Murthy, Vivek. Together: The Healing Power of Connection in a Sometimes Lonely World. New York: HarperCollins, 2020.
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She often found herself wide awake: For an account of the essential place that sleep has in our lives and why we are not getting enough, and what to do about it, see: Walker, Matthew. Why We Sleep. New York: Scribner, 2017.
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Videos of caregiving acts: A year out of graduate school, in 1990, I read a short story by John Updike in the New Yorker, “Tristan and Iseult,” my first encounter with a literary portrayal of ASMR. In the story, the narrator gets his molars, “corrupt wrecks just barely salvaged from the ruin of his years of unthinking consumption,” cleaned by a dental assistant, working with gloves in an AIDS era. Through the assistant’s fleshy touches and close inspection, hovering, gazing intently, only inches away, the narrator feels seen, forgiven, known, even spiritual. The intimacy they share during the dental visit is “like something from a supermarket tabloid or a Harlequin romance”; he notes that “her spirit intertwined with his.” Updike, John. “Tristan and Iseult.” New Yorker, December 3, 1990.
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originate in bodily sensations: For an excellent line of work on our bodily maps of emotion, see Nummenmaa, Lauri, Enrico Glerean, Riitta Hari, and Jari K. Hietanen. “Bodily Maps of Emotions.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 2 (2014): 646–51. Bud Craig has devoted his career to understanding how our subjective experience of emotion arises in bodily sensations and discovered how such embodiment involves the anterior insular cortex. Craig, A. D. How Do You Feel?: An Interoceptive Moment with Your Neurobiological Self. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2015. One of the early and influential statements about embodiment was made by George Lakoff, a linguistics and philosophy professor at Berkeley. He suggested that our metaphorical tendencies, so prominent in how we understand the world, often arise out of bodily experiences. We talk about “waves,” “surges,” and “ebbs and flows” of emotion, to pick one example, because these metaphorical descriptions arise out of making sense of the sensations associated with emotion-related shifts in cardiovascular physiology and the distribution of blood through the body. Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1980.
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For James: James, William. “What Is an Emotion?” Mind 9 (1884): 188–205.
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correlates in bodily responses: Winkielman, Piotr, Paula Niedenthal, Joseph Wielgosz, Jiska Wielgosz, and Liam C. Kavanagh. “Embodiment of Cognition and Emotion.” In APA Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol. 1, Attitudes and Social Cognition, edited by Mario Mikulincer, Philip R. Shaver, Eugene E. Borgida, and John A. Bargh, 151–75. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2015.
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