lands in what is now the southwestern
United States.
Nothing is known for certain of
Cochise’s birth or early life. He was
probably born in about 1810. Through
the 1850s his people enjoyed good relations
with the U.S. government. The
peace was broken in 1861, when some
Apache stole a white rancher’s cattle and
kidnapped the son of a ranch hand. A
U.S. Army officer thought Cochise was
responsible and put him in prison along
with several other chiefs. Cochise
escaped, but the rest of the prisoners
were killed.
Cochise wanted revenge. Under his
leadership the Apache drove U.S. troops
and settlers from their land in what is
now southern Arizona. In 1863 U.S.
troops killed Mangas Coloradas, a
powerful Apache leader and Cochise’s
father-in-law. Cochise then became the
main Apache chief. He led raids against
U.S. soldiers and settlers from the
Arizona mountains until surrendering
in 1871. He escaped in 1872, but he
soon returned to Arizona and settled on
the newly created Chiricahua Reservation.
He died there on June 8, 1874.
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Apache
Cockroach
Cockroaches are insects that have lived
on Earth for more than 320 million
years. There are more than 3,500 different
species, or types, of cockroach. Most
live in forests in warm areas. However,
some cockroaches live in warm, dark
areas of houses, apartment and office
buildings, airplanes, and ships. Cockroaches
are among the most hated
household pests.
Cockroaches have a flat, oval body that
is black or brown. For insects, they are
quite large. The common American
Cochise
Cockroaches are considered
pests because they eat people’s
food and carry diseases.
146 Cockroach BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
cockroach can grow to about 2 inches (5
centimeters) long. Like all insects, cockroaches
have a hard shell called an
exoskeleton. The exoskeleton protects
their soft body parts. Cockroaches have
long legs that allow them to run very
fast. Many cockroaches also have wings.
Cockroaches have well-developed senses.
They have long antennas and compound
eyes (eyes with many parts),
which help them to hunt in near darkness.
A pair of small hairs on their backside,
called cerci, can sense the slightest
movement.
Cockroaches in the wild eat rotting
plants and animals. In cities cockroaches
hide in the daytime and come out at
night to eat. They eat food scraps, paper,
clothing, and dead insects. Sometimes
the food they eat gives them a bad smell.
Cockroaches also spread several human
diseases.
#More to explore
Insect
Cod
The fish called cod are important
sources of food. People eat cod flesh as
well as the oil in their livers. Cod-liver
oil is very rich in vitamins A and D and
other things that people need to stay
healthy.
Cod live in the cold waters of the northern
Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Other
cold waters, such as the North Sea in
Europe, are also home to these fish.
The bodies of Atlantic cod are dull gray
or green with speckles. Atlantic cod may
also be reddish in color. A white line
curves from head to tail along each side.
Although smaller than Atlantic cod,
Pacific cod look very much like their
Atlantic relatives.
One unusual physical feature of the cod
is its barbel. The barbel is a thin tentacle
that hangs from the cod’s lower jaw.
Scientists think this organ may be a tool
for finding small crabs or other food
hiding in the sand.
Fishers prefer to catch cod that are 2 to
4 feet (0.6 to 1.2 meters) long. Fish this
size usually weigh 10 to 25 pounds (4.5
to 11.5 kilograms). Cod that escape
being caught may grow to be 6 feet (1.8
meters) long and more than 200 pounds
(90 kilograms) in weight.
A female cod may lay as many as 8 million
eggs. Ocean currents carry the eggs
over large areas.
#More to explore
Fish
Cod are gray-green fish with speckles. They
also have a white line on their sides.
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA Cod 147
Cody,William
Frederick
William Frederick Cody—better known
as Buffalo Bill—was a folk hero of the
AmericanWest. Novelists wrote about
his adventures as an Army scout and
buffalo hunter. He also produced a
famous show about theWildWest.
Cody was born in Iowa on February 26,
1846. He grew up in Kansas. At age 14
he started working for the Pony Express,
a service that delivered mail on horseback.
In the 1860s Cody served in the American
CivilWar and scouted for the U.S.
Army. As a scout he roamed around to
gather information about the Native
Americans. He also hunted buffalo
(bison). He got the nickname Buffalo
Bill for shooting thousands of buffalo to
feed railroad workers.
From 1872 to 1883 Cody acted in plays
about theWest. He also guided the U.S.
cavalry in 1874 and fought for the Army
against the Sioux in 1876.
In 1883 Cody started his WildWest
show—later known as Buffalo Bill’s
WildWest and Congress of Rough Riders
of theWorld. The show featured
trick riding, sharpshooting, and a buffalo
hunt. It toured the United States
and Europe for 30 years.
Cody used the money he made from his
show to buy land inWyoming. There he
helped found the town of Cody. He died
in Denver, Colorado, on January 10,
1917.
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Pony Express
Coeur d’Alene
The Coeur d’Alene tribe of Native
