Austrian Empire. In 1806 the Hapsburg
emperor gave up the title of Holy
Roman emperor.
Slide from Greatness
During the 1800s some national groups
within the Austrian Empire wanted to
be independent. Among these groups
were the Hungarians. To satisfy them,
the Hapsburg emperor divided his
empire with Hungary in 1867. The
new empire was called Austria-
Hungary.
Austria-Hungary was on the losing side
duringWorldWar I. When the war
ended in 1918, the empire collapsed.
Hapsburg rule was over.
#More to explore
Austria • Holy Roman Empire
Harare
Population
(2002 estimate)
1,444,500
Harare is the capital of Zimbabwe, a
country of southern Africa. It is the largest
city in the country.
Harare is Zimbabwe’s center of business,
banking, and industry. Factories in the
city make processed foods, clothing, and
metal products. Crops grown on nearby
farms are traded in Harare. The crops
are then shipped out on trains or trucks.
African peoples have lived in the Harare
area for thousands of years. In 1890 a
British trading company captured a village
of the Shona people. The British
company founded a new city, named
Salisbury, there. The city grew rapidly as
a center of trade and mining.
A bank building towers over a street in
Harare.
16 Harare BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
In 1923 Salisbury became the capital of
the new British colony of Southern
Rhodesia. The city remained the capital
through many years of changes. In 1980
the independent country of Zimbabwe
was formed. Salisbury was its capital. In
1982 the name of the city was changed
to Harare.
#More to explore
Zimbabwe
Harbor
A harbor is a deep body of water that
protects boats near land. High waves
and strong currents usually do not reach
harbors, so boats stay safe while
anchored there. Some harbors are created
by surrounding land, which keeps
the water calm. They are called natural
harbors. Artificial, or man-made, harbors
are created by structures called seawalls
or breakwaters.
Where Harbors Are Found
Harbors are found along coasts around
the world. Harbors are always part of a
larger body of water—for example, a
lake or an ocean. Coastlines that curve
inward make good places for natural
harbors. This type of coastline is often
called a bay. Barrier islands, which run
along a coast, also create natural harbors.
For example, New York Harbor lies
between the coast of New York and
Long Island.
Harbor Uses
Harbors are useful for many purposes.
Many harbors are used as ports. The
main purpose of a port is the loading
and unloading of boats. People ship
goods of all kinds to and from the ports
of the world. People also travel by boat
to and from these ports. For these reasons
some of the world’s major cities
grew around busy ports. A lively shipping
trade brings much money to the
city where the port is located.
Harbors are not just for big shipping
vessels and cruise ships. Ferryboats dock
in harbors to pick up passengers for
short journeys. For example, ferries
bring people to nearby islands and back.
People anchor small sailboats, yachts,
and speedboats in harbors, too. From
there they can take their boats out into
the lake or the ocean for fishing, waterskiing,
and other fun. Harbors also provide
homes for many kinds of birds and
fish.
#More to explore
Boat • Ship
Dubrovnik, Croatia, has a good harbor on
the Adriatic Sea, a branch of the Mediterranean
Sea.
Natural disasters
such as
earthquakes
and tsunamis
can cause
much damage
to harbors.
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA Harbor 17
Harding,
Warren G.
In 1920Warren G. Harding easily won
election as the 29th president of the
United States. He was a popular leader,
but he died before the end of his term.
Soon after his death the public found
out that politicians close to Harding had
made illegal business deals. This
changed many people’s views about
him.
Early Life
Warren Gamaliel Harding was born on
November 2, 1865, on a farm near Corsica,
Ohio. He was the eldest of George
Tryon and Phoebe Dickerson Harding’s
eight children. His father was a farmer
and a doctor.
Harding graduated from Ohio Central
College in 1882. Two years later he
bought a weekly newspaper in Marion,
Ohio. In 1891 Harding married Florence
Kling DeWolfe. The couple had
no children.
Political Career
Harding became an Ohio state senator
in 1898 and lieutenant governor in
1903. He ran for governor in 1910 but
was defeated. In 1914, however, he was
elected to the U.S. Senate.
November 2, August 2,
1865 1898 1903 1914 1920 1921–22 1923
Harding is
born near
Corsica, Ohio.
Harding
becomes an
Ohio state
senator.
Harding
becomes
lieutenant
governor of
Ohio.
Harding is
elected to the
U.S. Senate.
Harding is
elected
president.
The United
States and
other countries
agree to limit
warships.
Harding’s
death makes
Vice President
Calvin Coolidge
president.
T I M E L I N E
Warren G. Harding was the 29th president
of the United States.
18 Harding, Warren G. BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
In 1920 Republicans chose Harding as
their presidential candidate. Many voters
were tired of PresidentWoodrowWilson
and the Democrats’ focus on international
affairs. Harding promised to focus
on the economy and other problems at
