In 1986 the United States set aside the
third Monday in January as a holiday to
honor him.
#More to explore
African Americans • Civil Rights
Movement • Parks, Rosa
King Arthur
#see Arthur, King
Civil rights leader Martin Luther
King, Jr., is pictured giving a
speech after leading a march in
Selma, Alabama.
66 King Arthur BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
Kingfisher
Kingfishers are brightly colored birds
that often fish for their food. There are
about 90 kinds of kingfisher throughout
the world. Most of these live in warm
regions near rivers or lakes.
Kingfishers have plump bodies that are
about 4 to 18 inches (10 to 46 centimeters)
long. Their feathers come in many
colors. Many kingfishers have blue
feathers on their back and reddish or
white feathers on their belly. Some have
a crest, or tuft of upright feathers, on
top of their head. A kingfisher’s short
tail allows the bird to turn easily when it
is underwater. The daggerlike bill is useful
for spearing fish, insects, and other
food.
Kingfishers hunt for fish by swooping
down and diving into the water.
Sometimes they hunt on land for
lizards and insects. Kingfishers are also
known for chasing and attacking each
other in the air.
Kingfishers spend their time alone until
it is time to mate. During the mating
season, the birds pair up to build nests
for their eggs. They make nests in the
hollows of trees or dig tunnels in banks
of earth. After the eggs hatch, the parents
raise their young together. When
the babies are old enough, the parents
go off on their own again. Kingfishers
can live as long as 15 years.
#More to explore
Bird
King Philip’s
War
In King Philip’sWar Native Americans
tried to stop the settlers of New England
from taking their land. They fought well
but lost the war. After it ended, the
English settlers felt free to take even
more land.
Metacom, called King Philip by the
English, was grand sachem (chief ) of the
Wampanoag people. TheWampanoag
lived in what are now the U.S. states of
A kingfisher sits on a twig.
An illustration shows English settlers attacking
Native Americans in 1675, during King
Philip’s War.
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA King Philip’s War 67
Rhode Island and Massachusetts. Metacom
and the neighboring English settlers
did not trust each other. In 1671
the English demanded that the
Wampanoag surrender their guns. Metacom
then became convinced his people
could no longer live side by side with
the English. He persuaded the Nipmuc
and other Native American tribes to
help him fight the settlers.
In 1675 threeWampanoag men killed a
Native American for helping settlers.
Settlers then killed the three men. These
events set off the war. It spread over
much of New England. Settlers and
Native Americans destroyed each other’s
villages.
In the spring of 1676 the Native Americans
ran short of food. The winter had
been harsh and the fighting had kept
them from attending to their crops.
Nevertheless, Metacom kept on fighting.
He was killed in August 1676. Some
fighting continued after that. However,
it was clear that the settlers had won.
King Philip’sWar was the biggest war in
New England during the 1600s. Native
Americans attacked more than half of
New England’s 90 settlements. In addition,
about 3,000 Native Americans and
600 English settlers died. After the war,
the weakened Native Americans of
southern New England were no longer
able to stop the English from taking over
their lands.
..More to explore
Metacom •Wampanoag
Kingston
Population
(2001 census),
city, 96,052;
(2006
estimate), urban
area, 585,300
Kingston is the capital of Jamaica, an
island country in the Caribbean Sea.
The city lies along a scenic natural harbor
on the island’s coast.
Kingston is Jamaica’s main port and
center of business. The city has a busy
shipping industry. It is also a major tourist
center. In addition, many people in
Kingston work for the government.
Kingston was founded in 1692. In that
year an earthquake destroyed the town
of Port Royal. The people who survived
the earthquake built Kingston nearby.
The city grew quickly, mainly because of
its harbor.
Devon House in Kingston was the home of
one of the few black millionaires in Jamaica
in the 1800s.
About 12
white settlements
were
destroyed in
King Philip’s
War.
68 Kingston BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
Great Britain ruled Jamaica for many
years. The British made Kingston their
capital on the island in 1872. The city
survived several fires and, in 1907, a
violent earthquake.
In 1962 Jamaica became an independent
country. Kingston remained the capital.
..More to explore
Jamaica
Kingstown
Population
(2006 estimate)
18,200
Kingstown is the capital of Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines, an island
country in the Caribbean Sea. The city
is located on the coast of Saint Vincent,
the country’s largest island. It is the
main market and port in the country.
Kingstown has the oldest botanical gardens
in theWestern Hemisphere. They
were created in the 1760s. The city also
has a fort and several churches from the
1800s.
People have lived on Saint Vincent
Island for hundreds of years. Great Britain
took control of the island as well as
the nearby Grenadines in the 1700s. In
