Smith returned to England in 1609.
Relations between the settlers and
Powhatan grew worse. Pocahontas probably
stopped visiting her English friends.
In 1613 an English sailor took Pocahontas
prisoner. The sailor hoped that
Powhatan would release some English
prisoners in return for Pocahontas. He
took Pocahontas to Jamestown. The
colonists taught her Christianity. In
1614 Pocahontas married a colonist
named John Rolfe. The wedding began
eight years of peace between the Native
Americans and the colonists.
In 1616 the Rolfes sailed to England.
The king and queen welcomed Pocahontas.
But while in England Pocahontas
caught the disease smallpox. She died
in Gravesend, England, in March 1617.
..More to explore
Native Americans
Podgorica
Population
(2007 estimate)
174,000
Podgorica is the capital of Montenegro.
The city is located in the southern part
of the country, on a plain surrounded by
mountains.
Although it is a very old city most of the
buildings in Podgorica are less than 100
years old. Much of the city was
destroyed duringWorldWar II (1939–
45). Only a clocktower, a mosque, and a
few houses survived. Today Podgorica is
a modern city that is home to several art
galleries, theaters, and museums.
Podgorica’s economy is based on services
such as banking, government, and telecommunications.
Factories process aluminum
and produce medicines.
Pocahontas
104 Podgorica BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
The earliest records for the city show
that the site was a caravan stop during
ancient times. The city was first called
Podgorica in 1326. In 1474 it became
part of the Turkish Ottoman Empire.
Four hundred years later Podgorica was
awarded to Montenegro after a war
between Turkey and several states,
including Montenegro.
The city was occupied by Austria during
WorldWar I (1914–18). After the war
Montenegro became part of the Kingdom
of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes.
That later became Yugoslavia.
Podgorica suffered major damage during
WorldWar II. After that war the city
was renamed Titograd in honor of Josip
Broz Tito. Tito was the Communist
leader of Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1980.
After the collapse of Communism in
1992 the city once again became
Podgorica. When Montenegro became
an independent country in 2006
Podgorica remained its capital.
..More to explore
Montenegro • Yugoslavia
Poetry
Poetry is a type of literature, or artistic
writing, that attempts to stir a reader’s
imagination or emotions. The poet does
this by carefully choosing and arranging
language for its meaning, sound, and
rhythm. Poetry has many forms and
styles. Poems may tell a story or express
feelings. They may be serious or funny.
One thing that makes poems different
from other types of writing is their
structure. The words of a poem are
arranged in lines and groups of lines,
called stanzas. For example, here is the
first stanza of the poem “From a Railway
Carriage,” about an exciting train ride,
by Robert Louis Stevenson:
Faster than fairies, faster than witches,
Bridges and houses, hedges and
ditches;
And charging along like troops in a
battle,
All through the meadows the horses
and cattle:
All of the sights of the hill and the
plain
Fly as thick as driving rain;
And ever again, in the wink of an eye
Painted stations whistle by.
Rhythm
Poets use patterns of rhythm to create
various effects. Some syllables, or parts
of words, in a line receive more emphasis,
or stress, than others. For example,
in the phrase “hedges and ditches,” the
“hedg” and “ditch” sounds are stressed
more than the other sounds. The stressing
of certain syllables creates a rhythm.
A poem’s rhythm is called its meter.
Sound
Poets also use patterns of sound. Some
poems rhyme, or use two or more words
that end with the same sound, such as
“hat” and “bat.” A poem may repeat
sounds in many other ways. For
example, in “high as a kite,” the long “i”
sound is repeated. In “a stroke of luck,”
the “k” sound is repeated. A group of
The words of
songs can
sometimes be
studied as
poetry.
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA Poetry 105
words can also start with the same
sound, as in “a dark and dangerous day.”
Form
Some poems follow strict patterns of
meter, sound, and length. For instance,
the sonnet is a form of poetry that consists
of 14 lines of 10 syllables each. It
also follows a set pattern of rhythm and
rhyme. Haiku is a form of poetry with
three lines. Each line has a fixed number
of syllables: five syllables in the first and
third lines and seven syllables in the
second line.
Some poems do not use any set form.
Instead they use rhythms that are closer
to those of everyday speech. These
poems are known as free verse. However,
the poet may still carefully arrange the
sounds and rhythm.
..More to explore
Literature • Nursery Rhyme •Writing
Poison
A poison is a substance that causes harm
when it enters the body or touches the
skin. Certain household cleaners are
poisons. Parts of certain plants are poisons.
The venoms in certain snakes, spiders,
insects, fish, and other animals are
poisons. Foods that have spoiled also
may have poisons in them.
Some poisons, such as the oil on the
leaves of poison ivy, cause rashes or pain.
