Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s Dictionary полностью

1 N‑UNCOUNT If someone has the backing of an organization or an important person, they receive support or money from that organization or person in order to do something. □ [+ of ] He said the president had the full backing of his government to negotiate a deal. □ [+ of ] Mr Bach set up his own consulting business with the backing of his old boss. [Also + for ]

2 N‑VAR A backing is a layer of something such as cloth that is put onto the back of something in order to strengthen or protect it.

3 N‑COUNT [oft N n] The backing of a popular song is the music which is sung or played to accompany the main tune. □  For a while, she sang backing vocals in a folk-rock group. SYNONYMS backing NOUN 1

support:The prime minister gave his full support to the government's reforms.

approval:The chairman has also given his approval for an investigation into the case.

endorsement:It's important that we get the endorsement of the local colleges.

ba ck i s|sue (back issues ) N‑COUNT A back issue of a magazine or newspaper is one that was published some time ago and is not the most recent.

back|lash /bæ klæʃ/ N‑SING A backlash against a tendency or recent development in society or politics, is a sudden, strong reaction against it. □  …the male backlash against feminism. □  …a right-wing backlash.

back|less /bæ kləs/ ADJ [usu ADJ n] A backless dress leaves most of a woman's back uncovered down to her waist.

back|log /bæ klɒg, [AM ] -lɔːg/ (backlogs ) N‑COUNT A backlog is a number of things which have not yet been done but which need to be done. □  There is a backlog of repairs and maintenance in schools.

ba ck nu m|ber (back numbers ) N‑COUNT A back number of a magazine or newspaper is the same as a back issue .

back|pack /bæ kpæk/ (backpacks ) N‑COUNT A backpack is a bag with straps that go over your shoulders, so that you can carry things on your back when you are walking or climbing.

back|pack|er /bæ kpækə ^r / (backpackers ) N‑COUNT A backpacker is a person who goes travelling with a backpack.

back|pack|ing /bæ kpæk I ŋ/ N‑UNCOUNT If you go backpacking , you go travelling with a backpack.

ba ck pa s|sage (back passages ) N‑COUNT People sometimes refer to their rectum as their back passage . [BRIT , INFORMAL ]

ba ck pay N‑UNCOUNT Back pay is money which an employer owes an employee for work that he or she did in the past. [BUSINESS ] □  He will receive $6,000 in back pay.

ba ck-pe dal (back-pedals , back-pedalling , back-pedalled ) also backpedal The forms back-pedaling and back-pedaled are used in American English. 1 VERB If you back-pedal , you express a different or less forceful opinion about something from the one you have previously expressed. □ [V ] Allen back-pedalled, saying that he had had no intention of offending them. □ [V + on ] He appeared to back-pedal on that statement.

2 VERB If you say that someone back-pedals , you disapprove of their behaviour because they are not doing what they promised. [DISAPPROVAL ] □ [V ] She's backpedaled twice already. □ [V + on/from ] The cabinet may backpedal on these commitments. ●  back-pedalling N‑UNCOUNT □  …Britain's back-pedalling on reforms.

back|rest /bæ krest/ (backrests ) N‑COUNT The backrest of a seat or chair is the part which you rest your back on.

ba ck road (back roads ) N‑COUNT A back road is a small country road with very little traffic.

back|room /bæ krʊm/ (back rooms ) also back-room , back room

1 N‑COUNT A backroom is a room that is situated at the back of a building, especially a private room. □  …the backroom of the officers' club.