8 Nick Corasaniti, Sheera Frenkel, and Nicole Perlroth, “App Used to Tabulate Votes Is Said to Have Been Inadequately Tested,” New York Times, February 4, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/03/us/politics/iowa-caucus-app.html; “Nevada Hopes to Avoid Chaos of Iowa Caucuses as Bloomberg Tries to Recover,” NBC News, February 21, 2020, https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/how-iowa-caucuses-fell-apart-tarnished-vote-n1140346.
9 “Bernie Sanders’ Supporters Shouldn’t Fall for Republicans’ Impeachment Conspiracy,” NBC News, January 16, 2020, https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/bernie-sanders-supporters-shouldn-t-fall-republicans-impeachment-conspiracy-ncna1116576.
10 Ilhan Omar (@IlhanMN), “This can’t be!,” Twitter, February 4, 2020, https://twitter.com/IlhanMN/status/1224575334248566784.
11 Renée DiResta, “The Conspiracies Are Coming from Inside the House,” The Atlantic, March 10, 2020, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/03/internet-conspiracies-are-coming-inside-country/607645.
12 “Online Conspiracy Theories Flourish After Iowa Caucus Fiasco,” AP News, May 1, 2021, https://apnews.com/article/iowa-elections-lindsey-graham-ia-state-wire-donald-trump-8ae0e5172130f81265172fbd3e65094a,%20; Ben Nimmo (@ebenimmo), “Looking into Twitter traffic…,” Twitter, February 5, 2020, https://twitter.com/benimmo/status/1224832953458614272.
13 Data compiled from the Stanford Internet Observatory, analyzed in DiResta, “The Conspiracies Are Coming from Inside the House”; trend additionally archived at “United States Trends | 04/02/2020,” (C) 2022, n.d., https://archive.twitter-trending.com/united-states/04‑02‑2020.
14 Elizabeth Bruenig (@ebruenig), “Clinton’s ’16 campaign manager…,” Twitter, February 4, 2020, Internet Archive, https://web.archive.org/web/20200205111150/https://twitter.com/ebruenig/status/1224710768546996225.
15 Robby Mook (@RobbyMook), “Sorry, folks…,” Twitter, February 4, 2020, Internet Archive, https://web.archive.org/web/20221123092124/https://twitter.com/RobbyMook/status/1224555538790395904.
16 “Fact-Checking Trump’s Claim That Mail-In Ballots Lead to Voter Fraud,” NBC News, April 10, 2020, https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-pushes-false-claims-about-mail-vote-fraud-here-are-n1180566.
17 “Report: Trump Commission Did Not Find Widespread Voter Fraud,” AP News, April 20, 2021, https://apnews.com/article/north-america-donald-trump-us-news-ap-top-news-elections-f5f6a73b2af546ee97816bb35e82c18d; Michael Tackett and Michael Wines, “Trump Disbands Commission on Voter Fraud,” New York Times, January 4, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/03/us/politics/trump-voter-fraud-commission.html.
18 “Voters Line Up to Cast Ballot in Wisconsin Primary Despite Coronavirus Risk,” NBC News, April 10, 2020, https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/coronavirus-has-ignited-battle-over-voting-my-mail-here-s-n1178531.
