164 О важности этих гражданских связей см.: Ashutosh Varshney, Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002).
165 О том, как политический интерес мог нарушить политические взгляды на самоидентификацию и превратить его в насилие, см.: Paul R. Brass, The Production of Hindu-Muslim Violence in Contemporary India (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011).
166 Steven Wilkinson, Votes and Violence: Electoral Competition and Ethnic Riots in India (New York: Cambridge University, 2004).
167 Benjamin Miller, States, Nations, and Great Powers: The Sources of Regional War and Peace (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007).
168 Niall Fergusson, The War of the World (new York: Penguin, 2006), pp. 28–30, 255.
169 Vali Nasr, «If the Arab Spring Turns Ugly», New York Times, August 27, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/28/opinion/sunday/the-dangers-lurking-in-the-arab-spring.html?pagewanted=all.
170 Ayad Allawi, «How the U.S. and the World Can Help Iraq», Washington Post, August 31, 2011, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/how-the-us-and-world-can-help-iraq/2011/08/30/gIQAIPZxsJ_story.html.
171 Jim Lobe, «US Standing Plunges Across the Arab World», Al-Jazeera, July 14, 2011, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/featutes/2011/07/2011714413787827.html.
172 Martin S. Indyk, Kenneth G. Lieberthal, and Michael E. O’Hanlon, Bending History: Barack Obama’s Foreign Policy (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2012), p. 112.
173 Там же. С. 121.
174 Там же. С. 122.
175 Там же.
176 Dan Ephron, «The Wrath of Mahmoud Abbas», Daily Beast, April 24, 2011. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/04/25/mahmoud-abbas-interview-palestinian-leader-frustration-with-obama.html.
177 Jim Lobe, «US Standing Plunges Across the Arab World», Al-Jazeera, July 14, 2011, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/07/2011714104413787827.html.
178 «President Barak Obama’s Inaugural Address», White House Blog, http://www, whitehouse.gov/blog/inaugural-address.
179 «Obama Pledges Support for Tunisia», Al-Jazeera, October 8, 2011, http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/10/08/170747.html.
180 Indyk, Lieberthal, and O’Hanlon, Bending History, pp. 146—48. Смотри также комментарии президента, «Remarks by the President on the Situation in Egypt», http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/02/01/remarks-president-situation-egypt.
181 «Clinton Calls for ‘Peaceful, Orderly Transition’ in Egypt», McClatchy, January 30, 2012, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2012/01/30/107726/clinton-calls-for-peaceful-orderly.html.
182 Steven Cook, The Struggle for Egypt: From Nasser to Tahrir Square (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), pp. 272–307.
183 James Mann, The Obamians: The Struggle Inside the White House to Define American Power (New York: Viking, 2012).
184 Там же. С. 279.
185 Helene Cooper, Mark Landler, and David E. Sanger, «In U. S. Signals to Egypt, Обама Straddled a Rift», New York Times, February 12, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/13/world/middleeast/13diplomacy.hnml?pagewanted=all.
186 Robin Wright, Rock the Casbah: Rage and Rebellion Across the Islamic World (New York: Simon Schuster, 2012); Marc Lynch, The Arab Uprising: The Unfinished Revolutions of the New Middle East (New York: Public Affairs, 2012), pp. 43–66.
187 Alaa Al Aswany, От the State of Egypt: What Made the Revolution Inevitable (New York: Vintage, 2011); Narek Osman, Egypt on the Brink (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011).
188 Alexis de Tocqueville, The Old Regime and the French Revolution (New York: Anchor, 1955), p. 177.
189 У «Мусульманского братства» было большинство в 38 % голосов и 235 из 498 мест в насчитывающем 508 мест Народном собрании (символические 10 мест заполнялись по назначению президента страны). Исламская салафитская партия «Аль-Нур», даже чуть более радикальная, чем «Братья-мусульмане», получила 28 % и 123 места.
