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The Compassionate Instinct

Leading scientists and science writers reflect on the life-changing, perspective-changing, new science of human goodness.In these pages you will hear from Steven Pinker, who asks, "Why is there peace?"; Robert Sapolsky, who examines violence among primates; Paul Ekman, who talks with the Dalai Lama about global compassion; Daniel Goleman, who proposes "constructive anger"; and many others. Led by renowned psychologist Dacher Keltner, the Greater Good Science Center, based at the University of California in Berkeley, has been at the forefront of the positive psychology movement, making discoveries about how and why people do good. Four times a year the center publishes its findings with essays on forgiveness, moral inspiration, and everyday ethics in *Greater Good* magazine. The best of these writings are collected here for the first time. A collection of personal stories and empirical research, *The Compassionate Instinct* will make you think not only about...

THE COMPASSIONATE INSTINCT

The Science of Human Goodness

Edited by Dacher Keltner, Jason Marsh, and Jeremy Adam Smith

W. W. NORTON & COMPANYNew York • London

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

The compassionate instinct: the science of human goodness / edited by Dacher Keltner, Jason Marsh, and Jeremy Adam Smith.—1st ed.

p. cm.

ISBN: 978-0-393-07685-1 (e-book)

1. Helping behavior. 2. Compassion. 3. Interpersonal relations. 4. Altruism.

I. Keltner, Dacher. II. Marsh, Jason. III. Smith, Jeremy

Adam, 1970–

BF637.H4C65 2010

155.2’32—dc22

2009022521

W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

500 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10110

www.wwnorton.com

W. W. Norton & Company Ltd.

Castle House, 75/76 Wells Street, London W1T 3QT

TO ALL THOSE WHO HAVE SUPPORTED

GREATER GOOD MAGAZINE—

READERS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND DONORS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

THIS BOOK CONTAINS some of the best essays from Greater Good magazine (www.greatergoodmag.org), which for five years has flourished due to the hard work of hundreds of people, from staff and volunteers to writers and editorial board members.

Special thanks to Jill Suttie, our volunteer book review editor, and Alfonso Jaramillo, our design editor. We extend our most profound gratitude to everyone who has contributed to Greater Good—and to our dedicated readers and donors—even if space limitations prevent us from thanking each by name.

We would like to express special gratitude to Thomas and Ruth Ann Hornaday and the Herb Alpert Foundation, whose combined support made Greater Good possible. Thanks also to Maria Guarnaschelli, the editor at W. W. Norton who championed and helped shape The Compassionate Instinct.

The three editors would also like to thank our wives—Mollie McNeil, Meredith Milet, and Olli Doo—for their patience and support.

CONTENTS

Contributors

PART ONE: THE SCIENTIFIC ROOTS OF HUMAN GOODNESS

Introduction

The Compassionate Instinct

Dacher Keltner

The Evolution of Empathy

Frans B. M. de Waal

Peace among Primates

Robert M. Sapolsky

Hope on the Battlefield