L. Case, French Opinion on War and Diplomacy during the Second Empire (Philadelphia, 1954), pp. 2–6, 32; H. Loizillon, La Campagne de Crimée: Lettres écrites de Crimée par le capitaine d’état-major Henri Loizillon à sa famille (Paris, 1895), p. 82; RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1856, 19 Apr.
37
Za mnogo let, pp. 75–8.
38
The Englishwoman in Russia: Impressions of the Society and Manners of the Russians at Home (London, 1855), pp. 292–3, 296–8.
39
Ibid., pp. 294–5; Za mnogo let, p. 73.
40
E. Tarle, Krymskaia voina, 2 vols. (Moscow, 1944), vol. 1, pp. 454–9; The Englishwoman in Russia, p. 305.
41
A. Zaionchkovskii, Vostochnaia voina 1853–1856, 3 vols. (St Petersburg, 2002), vol. 2, p. 76; GARF, f. 109, op. 1, d. 353 (chast’ 2), 1. 7.
42
I. Ignatovich, Pomeshchichie krest’iane nakanune osvobozhdeniia (Leningrad, 1925), pp. 331–7; The Englishwoman in Russia, pp. 302–3, 313.
43
J. Curtiss, Russia’s Crimean War (Durham, NC, 1979), pp. 532–46; D. Moon, ‘Russian Peasant Volunteers at the Beginning of the Crimean War’, Slavic Review, 51/4 (Winter 1992), pp. 691–704. On a similar phenomenon in the Kiev, Podol’e and Volhynia regions in the early months of 1855, see RGVIA, f. 846, op. 16, d. 5496, 11. 18–52.
44
RGVIA, f. 846, op. 16, d. 5452, ch. 2, 1. 166; Rebrov, Pis’ma sevastopol’tsa, p. 3.
45
Pirogov, Sevastopol’skie pis’ma, p. 148; A. Markevich, Tavricheskaia guberniia vo vremia krymskoi voiny: Po arkhivnym materialam (Simferopol, 1905), pp. 107–51; A Opul’skii, L. N. Tolstoi v krymu: Literaturno-kraevedcheskii ocherk (Simferopol, 1960), p. 12; Hodasevich, A Voice, pp. 24–5; RGVIA, f. 9198, op. 6/264, sv. 15, d. 2.
46
‘Vostochnaia voina: Pis’ma kn. I. F. Paskevicha k kn. M. D. Gorchakovu’, Russkaia starina, 15 (1876), pp. 668–70; Tarle, Krymskaia voina, vol. 2, pp. 224–8.
47
RGVIA, f. 846, op. 16, d. 5450, 11. 50–54; RGVIA, f. 846, op. 16, d. 5452, ch. 2, 11. 166, 199–201; ‘Doktor Mandt o poslednikh nedeliiakh imperatora Nikolaia Pavlovicha (iz neizdannykh zapisok odnogo priblizhennogo k imperatoru litsa)’, Russkii arkhiv, 2 (1905), p. 480.
48
Poslednie minuty i konchina v bozhe pochivshego imperatora, nezabvennogo i vechnoi slavy dostoinogo Nikolaia I (Moscow, 1855), pp. 5–6; ‘Noch’ c 17-go na 18 fevralia 1855 goda: Rasskaz doktora Mandta’, Russkii arkhiv, 1 (1884), p. 194; ‘Nekotorye podrobnosti o konchine imperatora Nikolaia Pavlovicha’, Russkii arkhiv, 3/9 (1906), pp. 143–5; Tarle, Krymskaia voina, vol. 2, p. 233.
49
See e.g. V. Vinogradov, ‘The Personal Responsibility of Emperor Nicholas I for the Coming of the Crimean War: An Episode in the Diplomatic Struggle in the Eastern Question’, in H. Ragsdale (ed.), Imperial Russian Foreign Policy (Cambridge, 1993), p. 170.
50
A. Tiutcheva, Pri dvore dvukh imperatov: Vospominaniia, dnevnik, 1853–1882 (Moscow, 1928–9), p. 178.
51
Ibid., pp. 20–21.
CHAPTER 10. CANNON FODDER
1
RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1856, 2 Mar.
2
L. Noir, Souvenirs d’un simple zouave: Campagnes de Crimée et d’Italie (Paris, 1869), p. 312.
3
F. Charles-Roux, Alexandre II, Gortchakoff et Napoléon III (Paris, 1913), p. 14.
4
The Later Correspondence of Lord John Russell, 1840–1878, ed. G. Gooch, 2 vols. (London, 1925), vol. 2, pp. 160–61; Lady F. Balfour, The Life of George, Fourth Earl of Aberdeen, 2 vols. (London, 1922), vol. 2, p. 206.
5
H. Verney, Our Quarrel with Russia (London, 1855), pp. 22–4.
6
G. B. Henderson, ‘The Two Interpretations of the Four Points, December 1854’, in id., Crimean War Diplomacy and Other Historical Essays (Glasgow, 1947), pp. 119–22; The Letters of Queen Victoria: A Selection from Her Majesty’s Correspondence between the Years 1837 and 1861, 3 vols. (London, 1907–8), vol. 3, pp. 65–6.
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