emergence of Russian intelligentsia
revolutionary movement in nineteenth century Russia
the Socialists-Revolutionaries
Russian liberals
5 The Constitutional Experiment
Monarchy and constitutionalism
the Fundamental Laws of 1906
elections to the Duma
the First Duma
Stolypin
Stolypin represses terror
his agrarian reforms
the Second Duma and the electoral law of June 3, 1907
Stolypin’s political difficulties begin
the Western zemstvo crisis
Stolypins murder
assessment of Stolypin
Russia on the eve of World War I
6 Russia at War
Strategic preparations and Russia’s readiness for war
early campaigns: East Prussia and Galicia
Russian debacle in Poland, 1915
changes in government
emergence of the Progressive Bloc and Nicholas’s assumption of high command
bringing society into limited partnership in the war effort
7 Toward the Catastrophe
Inflation
the Brusilov offensive
rise of tension in the country
food crisis
Protopopov
the liberals decide to attack
Duma sessions of November 1916
assassination of Rasputin
last days at Tsarskoe Selo
plots against the Imperial family
8 The February Revolution
Mutiny of Petrograd garrison
the Duma hesitates to claim power
emergence of Petrograd Soviet and of its Executive Committee
Duma and Soviet agree on formation of Provisional Government
Order No. 1
abdication of Nicholas II
Michael refuses the crown
early actions of Provisional Government
Soviet undermines the government
land, Constituent Assembly, and war aims
revolution spreads nationwide
ex-tsar returns to Tsarskoe Selo
extraordinary rapidity of Russia’s breakdown
PART TWO The Bolsheviks Conquer Russia
9 Lenin and the Origins of Bolshevism
Lenin’s early years
Lenin and Social Democracy
his personality
his disenchantment with Social Democracy
emergence of Bolshevism
final split with the Mensheviks
Lenin’s agrarian and nationality programs
financial affairs of the Bolshevik party
the Malinovskii episode
Zimmerwald, Kiental, and connections with enemy agents
10 The Bolshevik Bid for Power
The Bolshevik Party in early 1917
Lenin returns to Russia with German help
Lenin’s revolutionary tactics
the April 1917 Bolshevik demonstration
socialists enter Provisional Government
Bolshevik assets in the struggle for power and German subsidies
the aborted Bolshevik street action in June
Kerensky’s summer offensive
the Bolsheviks ready another assault
preparation for putsch
the events of July 3–5
the putsch suppressed: Lenin flees, Kerensky dictator
11 The October Coup
Kornilov appointed Commander in Chief
Kerensky asks Kornilov’s help in suppressing anticipated Bolshevik coup
the break between Kerensky and Kornilov
rise in Bolshevik fortunes
