August 22: Nicholas assumes personal command of Russian armed forces, departs for headquarters at Mogilev.
August 25: Progressive Bloc makes public nine-point program.
August: Government authorizes creation of national
September 3: Duma prorogued.
September: Zimmerwald Conference of anti-war socialists.
November: Central Workers’ Group formed.
November: Zemgor created.
1916
January 20: Goremykin replaced as Chairman of Council of Ministers by Stürmer (Shtiurmer).
March 13: Polivanov dismissed as Minister of War; replaced by Shuvaev.
April: Kiental conference of anti-war socialists.
May 22/June 4: Brusilov offensive opens.
September 18: Protopopov Acting Minister of the Interior; promoted to Minister of the Interior in December.
October 22–24: Conference of Kadet Party decides on strategy of confrontation at forthcoming Duma session.
November 1: Duma reconvenes; Miliukov address implies treason in high places.
November 8–10: Dismissal of Stürmer.
November 19: A. F. Trepov, appointed Chairman of Council of Ministers, appeals to Duma for cooperation.
December 17: Murder of Rasputin.
December 18: Nicholas leaves Mogilev for Tsarskoe Selo.
December 27: Trepov dismissed, replaced by Golitsyn.
1917
January 27: Protopopov arrests Workers’ Group.
February 14: Duma reconvened.
February 22: Nicholas departs for Mogilev.
February 23: Demonstrations in Petrograd in connection with International Women’s Day.
February 24: More demonstrations in Petrograd.
February 25: Demonstrations turn violent; Nicholas orders them suppressed by force.
February 26: Petrograd under military occupation; unit of Volynskii Regiment fires on crowd, killing forty; company of Pavlovskii Regiment mutinies in protest.
Night of February 26–27: Pavlovskii Regiment troops hold all-night meeting, vote to disobey orders to fire on civilians.
February 27: Most of Petrograd in the hands of mutinous garrison; burning of government buildings; Nicholas orders General Ivanov to proceed to Petrograd with special troops to quell disorders; Mensheviks call for elections to Soviet; in the evening, organizing meeting of Petrograd Soviet.
February 28: Early morning, Nicholas departs for Tsarskoe Selo; Duma Council of Elders meets, forms Provisional Committee; throughout Petrograd, factory and garrison units elect representatives to the Soviet; first plenary session of Soviet. Disturbances spread to Moscow.
Night of February 28–March 1: Imperial train stopped, diverted to Pskov.
March 1: Ispolkom drafts nine-point program to serve as basis of agreement with Duma Provisional Committee; issues Order No. 1. In the evening, Nicholas arrives in Pskov, agrees on urging of General Alekseev to formation of Duma ministry and orders General Ivanov to abort his mission. Formation of Moscow Soviet.
Night of March 1–2: Duma and Soviet representatives reach agreement on basis of eight-point program. In Mogilev, General Ruzskii has telegraphic conversation with Duma chairman, Rodzianko.
March 2: Provisional Government formed under chairmanship of G. E. Lvov; Alekseev communicates with front commanders; Nicholas agrees to abdicate in favor of son; Shulgin and Guchkov depart for Pskov; Nicholas talks with Court physician about Tsarevich, tells Shulgin and Guchkov he has decided to abdicate in favor of brother Michael, signs abdication manifesto. Ukrainian Rada (Soviet) formed in Kiev.
March 3: Provisional Government meets with Michael, persuades him to reject crown.
March 4: Nicholas’s abdication manifesto and Michael’s renunciation of throne made public. Provisional Government abolishes Police Department.
March 5: Provisional Government dismisses all governors and their deputies.
March 7: Ispolkom forms “Contact Commission” to oversee Provisional Government.
March 8: Nicholas bids farewell to army officers, departs for Tsarskoe Selo under arrest.
March 9: United States recognizes Provisional Government.
March 18: Ispolkom rules that every socialist party is entitled to three representatives.
March 22: Miliukov defines Russia’s war aims.
March 25: Provisional Government introduces state monopoly on grain trade.
Late March: Britain withdraws offer to grant Imperial family asylum.
April 3: Lenin arrives in Petrograd.
April 4: Lenin’s “April Theses.”
April 21: First Bolshevik demonstrations in Petrograd and Moscow.
April 26: Provisional Government concedes its inability to maintain order.
April 28: Bolsheviks organize Red Guard.
Early April: All-Russian Consultation of Soviets convenes in Petrograd, constitutes All-Russian Central Executive Committee of Soviets (VTsIK or CEC).
May 1: CEC allows members to join Provisional Government.
Night of May 4–5: Formation of Coalition government under Lvov, with Kerensky Minister of War; six socialists enter cabinet.
May: Trotsky returns to Russia from New York.
June 3: First All-Russian Congress of Soviets opens.
June 10: Under CEC pressure, Bolsheviks give up idea of putsch.
June 16: Beginning of Russian offensive against Austria.
