The Storm Before the Storm полностью

For research, I am incredibly grateful to the University of Wisconsin, which is a bastion of enlightened civic engagement. UW offers residents of the state of Wisconsin full run of their libraries and unlimited access to otherwise impossible-to-find academic journals. Without these resources I would have been lost. The Wisconsin Idea of fostering a collaborative educational network linking academics, public servants, and citizens is among the most noble endeavors in the history of western civilization. In 1905, UW president Charles Van Hise said, “I shall never be content until the beneficent influence of the University reaches every family of the state.” I cannot speak for everyone, but the beneficent influence of the university has certainly reached me.

I am also eternally indebted to the community of classical academics and enthusiasts who maintain online databases of ancient literary sources—fully searchable and instantly available. In particular, I relied on the work of the Perseus Digital Library at Tufts University, Jona Lendering and Livius.org, Bill Thayer and his LacusCurtius archives, and Andrew Smith at Attalus.org. This book would have been a poor effort were it not for their efforts.

Finally, I would like to thank every single listener of the History of Rome and Revolutions podcasts, who truly made all this possible. I will remain forever grateful that you have allowed me to turn a passion for history into a career in history. I hope you liked the book.

MIKE DUNCAN is one of the foremost history podcasters in the world. His award-winning series The History of Rome chronologically narrated the entire history of the Roman Empire over 189 weekly episodes. Originally produced between 2007 and 2012, The History of Rome remains one of the most popular history podcasts in the world. Duncan has continued this success with his current series Revolutions, a show that explores the great political revolutions in modern history. Thanks to the worldwide popularity of his podcasts, Duncan has led a number of sold-out guided tours of Italy, England, and France to visit historic sites from ancient Rome to the French Revolution. Born and raised in the Pacific Northwest, he now lives in Madison, Wisconsin, with his family.

THE ANCIENT SOURCES

STANDARD ABBREVIATIONS FOR the ancient sources use the Latin title of the work. For example, the first entry under Appian is “BC,” which is short for Bellum Civile—translated as The Civil Wars. Both Varro and Cato the Elder wrote works titled On Agriculture, which in Latin is Re Rustica, and thus abbreviated RR. This reference table moves straight from the Latin abbreviation to the English translation.

The translations of the cited works come from the original editions of the Loeb Classical Library. These editions are now in the public domain and available at several online databases of classical literature. The primary databases utilized were the Perseus Digital Library, LacusCurtius, Livius.org, and Attalus.org. I encourage everyone who is interested in learning more about Roman history to dive headlong into the ancient sources. They are the root of all knowledge.

XII

The Law of the Twelve Tables

1–12

indicates Table

Amm.

Ammianus Marcelinus

RG

Things Done

App.

Appian

BC

The Civil Wars

Gall.

The Gallic Wars

Han.

The Hannibalic War

Iber.

The Wars in Spain

Ill.

The Illyrian Wars

Isl.

The Wars in Sicily and Other Islands

Mac.

The Macedonian Wars

Mith.

The Mithridatic Wars

Pun.

The Punic Wars

Reg.

The Wars of the Kings

Samn.

The Samnite Wars

Ascon.

Asconius

Orat. Cic.

Commentaries on Five Speeches of Cicero

Athen.

Athenaeus

Dei.

Banquet of Scholars

Caes.

Julius Caesar

BC

Commentaries on the Civil War

BG

Commentaries on the Gallic War

“Caes.”

Pseudo-Caesar

BA

The African War

CAH

Cambridge Ancient History

Cato

Cato the Elder

RR

On Agriculture

Cic.

Cicero

Amic.

On Friendship

Arch.

For Archias

Att.

To Atticus

Balb.

For Balbus

Brut.

Brutus

Cael.

For Caelius

Cat.

Cataline Orations

Clu.

For Aulus Cluentius

Deiot.

For King Deiotarus

Div.

On Divination

Div. Caec.

Divinatio Against Quintus Caecilius

Dom.

Speech for His House to the Priests

Fam.

Letters to Friends

Fin.