Peasantry, 14, 40, 46, 50, 52, 53, 54, 88–108, 109, 157, 217, 218, 219, 222, 223, 224, 231, 232-41, 298, 299, 346–8, 351, 358–9, 362–7, 521, 533-4, 539, 564, 572, 573, 579–80, 581–2, 583, 608–9, 612, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620, 622, 655–6, 656–7, 689–90, 714, 718, 725, 729, 730, 740, 751, 765, 766, 775–80 passim, 788–93, 809; and capitalism, 85, 92, 103, 104–5, 617; and commune, 87, 89–91, 102, 363–4; conformity among, 94–5, 95–6; and Constituent Assembly, 507, 508, 518–19, 576; Emancipation, 39, 40, 46–7, 48 and n, 52, 78, 89, 97; generational divisions, 92–4, 362, 690, 790–1; handicrafts, 107, 608; influence of soldiers on, 365, 532–3, 600–1, 602; and ‘kulaks’, 91, 104, 617, 620; and land redistribution, 364–5, 530–2; and nationalism, 73, 75–9, 373–4, 548, 705–6; in 1905 Revolution, 57, 106–7, 182–3; political philosophy of, 91–2, 98–101; and Red Army, 594–7, 653–4, 668–9, 699, 791; relations with landowners, 48–9, 53–4, 106–7, 205–6, 220, 363–5, 462–3, 531–2; religious attitudes, 66–7; revolts, 57, 653, 548, 596, 599–600, 620, 621, 653, 657–8, 662, 751–8, 768–9; and violence, 96–8
Penza, 463, 532, 535, 576, 577, 600, 662, 753, 754
People’s Courts, 100–1, 525, 533–4
Pereverzev, P. N., 432, 433
Perm, 53, 584, 652–3, 687, 695
Persia, 168, 290; Russian defeat of (1827), 74
Peshekhonov, A. V., 643–4
Peshkov, Alexei: see Gorky
Peshkov, Maxim (son of Gorky): murder of, 822
Peshkov, Zinovy (adopted son of Gorky), 293 and n
Peshkova, Ekaterina (wife of Gorky), 179, 187, 202, 249, 300, 307, 321–2, 398, 400, 402, 403, 428, 435, 511, 518, 603, 627, 648, 694, 822
Peter and Paul Fortress, 122–3, 134, 137, 144, 161, 167, 177, 181, 204, 273, 313, 317, 329, 432, 434, 480, 485, 488, 491–2, 509, 510, 512, 515, 536n, 636, 645
Peter I the Great, Tsar, 4, 7, 8, 20, 26, 36, 55, 62, 122, 247, 672, 684, 725
Peters, Yakov, 475, 630
Petliura, Simon, 575, 662, 665, 675, 677, 698, 705, 706, 707
Petrashevsky, M. V., 128, 133n
Petrograd garrison, 302, 396, 422; in February Days, 312–16, 330–1; in October insurrection, 480–1, 497
Petrograd: see St Petersburg
Petrunkevich, I. I., 172, 219
Piatakov, Georgii, 706–7, 757, 803
Piatigorsk, 567
Pilsudski, Marshal Joseph, 71, 144, 185, 697, 698, 699, 702
Pisarev, Dmitry, 131
Platinina-Maisel, Rebecca, 647
Plehve, Viacheslav von, 41, 52, 167, 168, 170, 171, 444
Plekhanov, Georgii, 82, 128, 130, 135, 138, 141, 146, 148, 150, 152, 180, 211, 293, 331, 385, 467; On the Question of Developing a Monistic View of History, 146–7
Plezhnikov, Grigorii, 754
Pobedonostsev, Konstantin, 7, 17, 20, 21, 22, 41, 113
Podolia, 106
Podvoisky, N. I., 486
Pokrovsky, General V. L., 564
Pokrovsky, M. N., 460
Poland, Polish, 59, 64, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 141, 144, 185, 193, 228–9, 246, 267, 374, 503n, 542, 543, 548, 677, 679, 705, 713, 816, 817; invasion of Ukraine by, 697–8, 699, 799; Soviet war against, 680, 700–1, 702, 716, 754; Treaty of Riga (1921), 703; uprisings, 70, 73, 228
Poliakov, Nikolai, 139, 650
Police: see Bureaucracy
Polish Socialist Party, 71, 82, 185
Political Centre, Irkutsk, 659
Polivanov, A. A., 61, 226, 260, 275, 278, 279, 699n
Polner, T. I., 437
Polovtsov, A. A., 35, 36, 37, 40, 41, 52, 201, 247, 380n, 433
Poltava, 78, 106, 107, 233, 663
Poole, General F. C., 574
Popov, F. G., 755, 758
Popular Socialists, 225, 325, 464
Populists, Populism, 85–6, 87, 103, 134–8, 141; Land and Liberty (Zemlia i volia), 137, 138; Neo-Populism, 149, 161; People’s Will (Narodnaia volia), 138, 141, 144, 145, 146, 149, 152; ‘To the People’ movement, 85, 136–7. See also Socialist Revolutionaries, Terrorism
Port Arthur, 168, 170
Potemkin, battleship, 184–5, 737
Potresov, A. N., 146, 147, 150, 152, 392
Prague, 72n, 818
Pravda, newspaper, 245, 297, 388, 414, 425, 433, 522, 592, 627, 699, 788
Preobrazhensky, E. A., 726, 745, 803
Preparliament, 467, 482, 485
Prittwitz, General Friedrich von, 255–6
Progressist Party, 244n, 247, 252, 273
Progressive Bloc, 274–5, 286, 326, 341
Prokopovich, S. N., 487, 488, 779
Proletkult organization, 736, 737, 742, 745
Prostitution, 605, 781
Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 242
Protopopov, A. D., 286, 302, 310n, 312, 329
Provincial governors, 42, 43, 44–6
Provisional Government, 193, 217, 271, 274, 284, 293n, 299, 321, 334–8, 345, 349, 354–61, 364, 366, 370, 371–2, 374–8, 380, 381–4, 385, 387, 388, 393–5, 396, 398, 407, 408, 409, 410, 412, 413, 414n, 422, 433, 444, 445, 446, 478; Bolshevik insurrection and fall of, 481–500; Directory, 455 and n; establishment of, 334–8; First Coalition, 383–4, 409–10, 419–20, 438; ideology of, 355–8, 360–1, 366, 370–2, 382–4, 409–10; July Days, 421, 422–32; June offensive supported by, 407–10, 411, 412, 418, 419–20; Kerensky’s premiership, 436–8, 441, 442–55; and peace campaign, 380–1, 409; Second Coalition, 436, 437, 438, 447, 467; Third Coalition, 467
Przemysl, 266; Battle of (1914), 257
Pskov, 340, 341, 342, 344, 497, 520, 596, 644, 671
Pugachev, 777
Pugachev, Emelian, 11, 101, 119, 422, 628
Pulkovo Heights, Battle for, 673, 674
Purishkevich, V. M., 196, 278, 289, 290, 679
