Anglo-American Establishment полностью

Parkin's son-in-law, William L. Grant. Also see the sketches of both Parkin and Milner in

the Dictionary of National Biography. The debate in the Oxford Union which first

brought Parkin to Milner's attention is mentioned in Herbert Asquith's (Lord Oxford and

Asquith) Memories and Reflections (2 vols., Boston, 1928), 1, 26.

3. The ideas for social service work among the poor and certain other ideas held by

Toynbee and Milner were derived from the teachings of John Ruskin, who first came to

Oxford as a professor during their undergraduate days. The two young men became

ardent disciples of Ruskin and were members of his road-building group in the summer

of 1870. The standard biography of Ruskin was written by a protege of Milner's, Edward

Cook. The same man edited the complete collection of Ruskin's works in thirty-eight

volumes. See Lord Oxford and Asquith, Memories and Reflections (2 vols., Boston,

1928), 1, 48. Cook's sketch in the Dictionary of National Biography was written by

Asquith's intimate friend and biographer, J. A. Spender.

4. The quotation is from Cecil Headlam, ed., The Milner Papers (2 vols., London,

1931-1933), I, 15. There exists no biography of Milner, and all of the works concerned

with his career have been written by members of the Milner Group and conceal more

than they reveal. The most important general sketches of his life are the sketch in the

Dictionary of National Biography, the obituary in The Times (May 1925), and the

obituary in The Round Table (June 1925, XV, 427-430). His own point of view must be

sought in his speeches and essays. Of these, the chief collections are The Nation and the

Empire (Boston, 1913) and Questions of the flour (London, 1923). Unfortunately, the

speeches after 1913 and all the essays which appeared in periodicals are still uncollected.

This neglect of one of the most important figures of the twentieth century is probably

deliberate, part of the policy of secrecy practiced by the Milner Group.

Chapter 2

1. A. C. Johnson, Viscount Halifax (New York, 1941), 54. Inasmuch as Lord Halifax

assisted the author of this biography and gave to him previously unpublished material to

insert in it, we are justified in considering this an "authorized" biography and giving its

statements considerable weight. The author is aware of the existence of the Milner Group

and attributes much of Lord Halifax's spectacular career to his connection with the

Croup.

2. H. H. Henson, Retrospect of an Unimportant Life (2 vols., London, 1942-1943), II,

66.

3. C. Hobhouse, Oxford as It Was and as It Is Today (London, 1939), 18.

4. On the role of Charles Hardinge in foreign policy, see A. L. Kennedy, "Lord

Hardinge of Penshurst," in The Quarterly Review (January 1945), CCLXXXIII, 97-104,

and Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst, Old Diplomacy; Reminiscences

(London, 1947). Although not mentioned again in this work, A. I.. Kennedy appears to be

a member of the Milner Group.

5. Lord Ernle, Whippingham to Westminster (London, 1938), 248.

6. Lionel Curtis, Dyarchy (Oxford, 1920), 54.

7. Another exception was "Bron" Lucas (Auberon Herbert, Lord Lucas and Dingwall),

son of Auberon Herbert, the brother of Lord Carnavon. "Bron" went from Balliol to

South Africa as a Times correspondent in the Boer War and lost a leg from overzealous

devotion to the task. A close friend of John Buchan and Raymond Asquith, he became a

Liberal M.P. through the latter's influence but had to go to the Upper l louse in 1905,

when he inherited two titles from his mother's brother. He was subsequently private

secretary to Haldane (1908), Under Secretary for War (1908-1911), Under Secretary for

the Colonies (1911), Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Agriculture (1911-1914),

and President of the Board of Agriculture (1914-1915). He thus became a member of the

Cabinet while only thirty-eight years old. He resigned to join the Royal Flying Corps and

was killed in 1916, about the same time as Raymond Asquith. Both of these, had they

lived, would probably have become members of the Milner Group. Asquith was already a

Fellow of All Souls (1901-1916). On "Bron" Lucas, see the autobiographies of Lords

Asquith and Tweedsmuir and the article in the memorial volume to Balliol's dead in the

First World War.

8. On these clubs, see Lord Oxford and Asquith, Memories and Reflections (2 vols.,

Boston, 1928), 1, 311-325.

9. The chief published references to the existence of the Milner Group from the pens

of members will be found in the obituary notes on deceased members in The Round Table

and in the sketches in the Dictionary of National Biography. In the former, see the notes