Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s Dictionary полностью

sub|si|dize /sʌ bs I da I z/ (subsidizes , subsidizing , subsidized ) in BRIT, also use subsidise VERB If a government or other authority subsidizes something, they pay part of the cost of it. □ [be V -ed] At the moment they are existing on pensions that are subsidised by the government. ●  sub|si|dized ADJ □  …heavily subsidized prices for housing, bread, and meat. ●  sub|si|diz|ing N‑UNCOUNT □  …the subsidising of alternative energy sources. ●  sub|si|di|za|tion /sʌ bs I da I ze I ʃ ^ə n/ N‑UNCOUNT □ [+ of ] …the federal government's subsidisation of poorer parts of the country.

sub|si|dy ◆◇◇ /sʌ bs I di/ (subsidies ) N‑COUNT A subsidy is money that is paid by a government or other authority in order to help an industry or business, or to pay for a public service. □  European farmers are planning a massive demonstration against farm subsidy cuts. SYNONYMS subsidy NOUN

aid:They have already pledged billions of dollars in aid.

support:…the government's proposal to cut agricultural support by only about 15%.

grant:They'd got a special grant to encourage research.

contribution:This list ranked companies that make charitable contributions of a half million dollars or more.

sub|sist /səbs I st/ (subsists , subsisting , subsisted ) VERB If people subsist , they are just able to obtain the food or money that they need in order to stay alive. [FORMAL ] □ [V + on ] The prisoners subsisted on one mug of the worst quality porridge three times a day.

sub|sist|ence /səbs I stəns/

1 N‑UNCOUNT [oft N n] Subsistence is the condition of just having enough food or money to stay alive. □  …below the subsistence level. □  The standard of living today is on the edge of subsistence.

2 ADJ [ADJ n] In subsistence farming or subsistence agriculture, farmers produce food to eat themselves rather than to sell. □  Many black Namibians are subsistence farmers who live in the arid borderlands.

sub|soil /sʌ bsɔ I l/ N‑UNCOUNT The subsoil is a layer of earth that is just below the surface soil but above hard rock. □  …the chalk subsoil on the site.

sub|son|ic /sʌ bsɒ n I k/ ADJ [ADJ n] Subsonic speeds or aeroplanes are very fast but slower than the speed of sound. □  This is 20,000 feet higher than most subsonic airliners.

su b-species (sub-species ) also subspecies N‑COUNT A sub-species of a plant or animal is one of the types that a particular species is divided into. □ [+ of ] Several other sub-species of gull are found in the region.

sub|stance ◆◇◇ /sʌ bstəns/ (substances )

1 N‑COUNT A substance is a solid, powder, liquid, or gas with particular properties. □  Ethylene glycol is a poisonous substance found in antifreeze. □  The substance that's causing the problem comes from the barley.

2 N‑UNCOUNT Substance is the quality of being important or significant. [FORMAL ] □  It's questionable whether anything of substance has been achieved. □  Syria will attend only if the negotiations deal with issues of substance.

3 N‑SING The substance of what someone says or writes is the main thing that they are trying to say. □ [+ of ] The substance of his discussions doesn't really matter.

4 N‑UNCOUNT If you say that something has no substance , you mean that it is not true. [FORMAL ] □  There is no substance in any of these allegations.