Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s Dictionary полностью

3 N‑COUNT [with neg, usu sing] If you say that one thing is no substitute for another, you mean that it does not have certain desirable features that the other thing has, and is therefore unsatisfactory. If you say that there is no substitute for something, you mean that it is the only thing which is really satisfactory. □ [+ for ] The printed word is no substitute for personal discussion with a great thinker. □ [+ for ] There is no substitute for practical experience.

4 N‑COUNT In team games such as football, a substitute is a player who is brought into a match to replace another player. □  Coming on as a substitute, he scored four crucial goals.

su b|sti|tute tea ch|er (substitute teachers ) N‑COUNT A substitute teacher is a teacher whose job is to take the place of other teachers at different schools when they are unable to be there. [AM ] in BRIT, use supply teacher

sub|stra|tum /sʌ bstrɑːtəm, [AM ] -stre I t-/ (substrata ) N‑COUNT A substratum of something is a layer that lies under the surface of another layer, or a feature that is less obvious than other features. [FORMAL ] □ [+ of ] …its deep substratum of chalk.

sub|sume /səbsjuː m, [AM ] -suː m/ (subsumes , subsuming , subsumed ) VERB If something is subsumed within a larger group or class, it is included within it, rather than being considered as something separate. [FORMAL ] □ [be V -ed prep] Small family firms were subsumed into the huge investment banks. □ [be V -ed] …years of repression in which civil society was subsumed by the State. [Also V n, V n prep]

sub|ter|fuge /sʌ btə ^r fjuːdʒ/ (subterfuges ) N‑VAR Subterfuge is a trick or a dishonest way of getting what you want. □  Most people can see right through that type of subterfuge.

sub|ter|ra|nean /sʌ btəre I niən/ ADJ [usu ADJ n] A subterranean river or tunnel is under the ground. [FORMAL ] □  London has 9 miles of such subterranean passages.

sub|text /sʌ btekst/ (subtexts ) N‑VAR The subtext is the implied message or subject of something that is said or written. □  It isn't difficult to work out the subtext of this story.

sub|ti|tle /sʌ bta I t ^ə l/ (subtitles )

1 N‑COUNT The subtitle of a piece of writing is a second title which is often longer and explains more than the main title. □  'Kathleen' was, as its 1892 subtitle asserted, 'An Irish Drama'.

2 N‑PLURAL Subtitles are a printed translation of the words of a foreign film that are shown at the bottom of the picture. □  The dialogue is in Spanish, with English subtitles.

sub|ti|tled /sʌ bta I t ^ə ld/

1 V-PASSIVE If you say how a book or play is subtitled , you say what its subtitle is. □ [be V -ed with quote] 'Lorna Doone' is subtitled 'a Romance of Exmoor'.

2 ADJ If a foreign film is subtitled , a printed translation of the words is shown at the bottom of the picture. □  Much of the film is subtitled. □  …subtitled films.

sub|tle /sʌ t ^ə l/ (subtler , subtlest )

1 ADJ Something that is subtle is not immediately obvious or noticeable. □  …the slow and subtle changes that take place in all living things. □  Intolerance can take subtler forms too. ●  sub|tly ADV □  The truth is subtly different.

2 ADJ A subtle person cleverly uses indirect methods to achieve something. □  I even began to exploit him in subtle ways. ●  sub|tly ADV [ADV with v] □  What I've tried very subtly to do is to reclaim language.

3 ADJ Subtle smells, tastes, sounds, or colours are pleasantly complex and delicate. □  …subtle shades of brown. □  …delightfully subtle scents. ●  sub|tly ADV □  …a white sofa teamed with subtly coloured rugs.

sub|tle|ty /sʌ t ^ə lti/ (subtleties )