Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s Dictionary полностью

ch. (chs ) N‑VAR Ch. is a written abbreviation for chapter .

cha-cha /tʃɑː tʃɑː/ (cha-chas ) N‑COUNT A cha-cha is a Latin American dance with small fast steps.

chafe /tʃe I f/ (chafes , chafing , chafed )

1 VERB If your skin chafes or is chafed by something, it becomes sore as a result of something rubbing against it. □ [V n] My shorts were chafing my thighs. □ [V + against ] His wrists began to chafe against the cloth strips binding them. □ [V ] The messenger bent and scratched at his knee where the strapping chafed.

2 VERB [no passive] If you chafe at something such as a restriction, you feel annoyed about it. [FORMAL ] □ [V + at ] He had chafed at having to take orders from another. □ [V + under ] He was chafing under the company's new ownership. [Also V + against ]

chaff /tʃɑː f, tʃæ f/

1 N‑UNCOUNT Chaff is the outer part of grain such as wheat. It is removed before the grain is used as food.

2 PHRASE If you separate the wheat from the chaff or sort the wheat from the chaff , you decide which people or things in a group are good or important and which are not. □  It isn't always easy to separate the wheat from the chaff.

chaf|finch /tʃæ f I ntʃ/ (chaffinches ) N‑COUNT A chaffinch is a small European bird. Male chaffinches have reddish-brown fronts and grey heads.

cha|grin /ʃæ gr I n, [AM ] ʃəgr I n/ N‑UNCOUNT [usu with poss] Chagrin is a feeling of disappointment, upset, or annoyance, perhaps because of your own failure. [FORMAL , WRITTEN ] □  Much to his father's chagrin, Al had no taste for further education.

cha|grined /ʃæ gr I nd, [AM ] ʃəgr I nd/ ADJ [usu v-link ADJ ] If you are chagrined by something, it disappoints, upsets, or annoys you, perhaps because of your own failure. [WRITTEN ] □ [+ by ] The chair of the committee did not appear chagrined by the compromises and delays.

chain ◆◇◇ /tʃe I n/ (chains , chaining , chained )

1 N‑COUNT A chain consists of metal rings connected together in a line. □  His open shirt revealed a fat gold chain. □  The dogs were leaping and growling at the full stretch of their chains.

2 N‑PLURAL [in N ] If prisoners are in chains , they have thick rings of metal round their wrists or ankles to prevent them from escaping. □  He'd spent four and a half years in windowless cells, much of the time in chains.

3 VERB If a person or thing is chained to something, they are fastened to it with a chain. □ [be V -ed + to ] The dog was chained to the leg of the one solid garden seat. □ [V n + to ] She chained her bike to the railings. □ [V -ed] We were sitting together in our cell, chained to the wall. ● PHRASAL VERB Chain up means the same as chain . □ [V n P ] I'll lock the doors and chain you up. □ [V -ed P ] All the rowing boats were chained up. [Also V P n]

4 N‑COUNT A chain of things is a group of them existing or arranged in a line. □ [+ of ] …a chain of islands known as the Windward Islands. □  Students tried to form a human chain around the parliament.

5 N‑COUNT A chain of shops, hotels, or other businesses is a number of them owned by the same person or company. □  …a large supermarket chain. □ [+ of ] …Italy's leading chain of cinemas.

6 N‑SING A chain of events is a series of them happening one after another. □ [+ of ] …the bizarre chain of events that led to his departure in January 1938.

7 → see also food chain

▸  chain up → see chain 4 COLLOCATIONS chain NOUN 6

noun + chain : cinema, hotel, pub, restaurant, supermarket; clothing, DIY, electricals, fashion; discount, high-street

adjective + chain : retail