226. Otto Dov Kulka, ‘“Public Opinion” in National Socialist Germany and the “Jewish Question”’, Zion, 40 (1975), 186–290 (text in Hebrew, abstract in English, documentation in German), 272–3. And see Michael Wildt, Die Judenpolitik des SD 1935 bis 1938. Eine Dokumentation, Munich, 1995; and Lutz Hachmeister, Der Gegenforscher. Die Karriere des SS-Führers Alfred Six, Munich, 1998, ch.V. The SD had originally been established under the direction of Reinhard Heydrich in 1931 to carry out surveillance on the Nazi Party’s political opponents. Much of this was undertaken by the Gestapo after 1933, when the SD’s main role increasingly centred upon the gathering of information and production of reports on ideological ‘enemies’ (such as the Churches), the ‘Jewish Question’, and soundings of opinion.
227. Kulka, 274. See also BA, R58/991, Fols.71a-c, Vermerk of SD Abt. II 112, 7 April 1937. The SD’s work was assisted by volunteers, such as the expert in Hebrew — a long-standing party member — who, while in Leipzig, had on his own initiative put together a register of all ‘full–, three-quarter, half–, and quarter-Jews’ in the area and now proposed to do the same for Upper Silesia, then for the whole of Silesia. He also offered to teach Hebrew to SD members. It was recommended that the SD should make use of his offer. BA, R58/991, Fol.46. See also Friedländer, 197ff.
228. The numbers of Jews emigrating from Germany had, in fact, not fluctuated massively since the first massive wave of emigration in 1933, despite the varying intensity of Nazi persecution. In 1937, there was even a decline compared with the rate of the previous year. By the Nazis’ own standards, emigration pressure had not been adequate; more than two-thirds of the Jewish population of 1933 still remained in Germany. According to the statistics of the Reichsvertretung der deutschen Juden, the organization established in 1933 to coordinate and represent Jewish interests in the ever-worsening conditions, 37,000 Jews fled the country in 1933, 23,000 in 1934, 21,000 in 1935, 25,000 in 1936, and 23,000 in 1937. Werner Rosenstock, ‘Exodus 1933–1939. A Survey of Jewish Emigration from Germany’, LBYB, 1 (1956), 373–90, here 377; Herbert A. Strauss, ‘Jewish Emigration from Germany. Nazi Policies and Jewish Responses (I)’, LBYB, 25 (1980), 313–61, here 326, 330–32.
229. Adam, 172–4.
230. Karl A. Schleunes, The Twisted Road to Auschwitz. Nazi Policy toward German Jews, 1933–1939, Urbana/Chicago/London, 1970, 159–60.
231. Hermann Graml, Reichskristallnacht. Antisemitismus und Judenverfolgung im Dritten Reich, Munich, 1988, 167.
232. Adam, 174ff.
233. See Martin Broszat, Der Staat Hitlers. Grundlegung und Entwicklung seiner inneren Verfassung, Munich, 1969, 432–3.
234. TBJG, I/3, 26 (28 January 1937). He spoke again in late February of his expectation that the showdown would follow in five or six years’ time (TBJG, I/3, 55 (23 February 1937)).
235. TBJG, I/3, 25–6 (28 January 1937). Frick came back to his notions of Reich Reform, but, despite Blomberg’s support, found no favour with Hitler. Frick had raised the issue in connection with a law of 26 January 1937 to regulate the regional government and administration of Greater Hamburg, which he saw as a step to more comprehensive Reich Reform (Günter Neliba, Wilhelm Frick. Der Legalist des Unrechtsstaates: Eine politische Biographie, Paderborn etc., 1992, 149).
