237. Speer, 239–43; Mark Walker, German National Socialism and the Quest for Nuclear Power 1939–1945). Cambridge, 1989, 77–8 and ch.4, especially 136–7, and 155; Mark Walker, ‘Legenden um die deutsche Atombombe’, VfZ, 38 (1990), 45–74, here 53; Monika Renneberg and Mark Walker (eds.), Science, Technology, and National Socialism, Cambridge, 1994, 2; Kristie Macrakis, Surviving the Swastika. Scientific Research in Nazi Germany, New York/Oxford, 1993, 173–4, 244 n.41.
238. LB Darmstadt, 245.
239. Speer, 415–17.
240. Speer, 578 n.21.
241. Speer, 414.
242. Speer, 414–15.
243. Irving, Doctor, 166.
244. TBJG, II/14, 117 (29 October 1944).
245. Speer, 423.
246. Speer, 413.
247. Domarus, 2141 (in response to Papen’s offer to take soundings via Spain).
248. Speer, 423.
249. TBJG, II/13, 208, 210 (3 August 1944). See also his negative comments about Rommel on 31 August in LB Darmstadt, 273–5.
250. Keitel, 332; Domarus, 2155; Speidel, Invasion, 1 78ff.; Hoffmann, Widerstand, 651–2; Fest, Staatsstreich, 313–14.
251. Domarus, 2157.
252. Gruchmann, Der Zweite Weltkrieg, 275–6 (and see Irving, HW, 722–3).
253. Skorzeny, 126, 130, 132, 134.
254. Skorzeny, 134–5.
255. Skorzeny, 133–5.
256. Skorzeny, 136–8.
257. See Skorzeny, 138ff.; Gruchmann, Der Zweite Weltkrieg, 275–8; Irving, HW, 719–24; DZW, vi.531–2; Hilberg, Destruction, 552–4.
258. Hilberg, Destruction, 546.
259. Hilberg, Destruction, 552.
260. Hilberg, Destruction, 553 and n.1035.
261. Hilberg, Vernichtung, ii.925–6.
262. Skorzeny, 146.
263. IfZ, F29, diary of General Werner Kreipe, Luftwaffe Chief of Staff, Fol.21. See also Guderian, 370–71; Irving, HW, 705. Guderian’s warnings that an offensive in the west would seriously weaken the defences in the east would all too soon prove prophetic. (See Weinberg III, 770.)
264. TBJG, II/13, 498, 500–501 (17 September 1944). See also Irving, HW, 706.
265. Warlimont, 478. For the varying views of Goebbels, Speer, and Stuckart from the Reich Ministry of the Interior, see TBJG, II/13, 491 (16 September 1944), 501 (17 September 1944). The failure of relations between the Party and the Wehrmacht in the first critical days of the Allied advance on Aachen prompted Hitler’s directives of 19 and 20 September, ordering the continuation of the activities of Party and civil administration in operational areas, also within the Reich itself, and stipulating the duties of the Gauleiter/Reich Defence Commissars. (Weisungen, 337–41; Warlimont, 478–9.)
266. TBJG, ΙΙ/13, 553 (24 September 1944).
267. Gruchmann, Der Zweite Weltkrieg, 306.
268. Gruchmann, Der Zweite Weltkrieg, 260; TBJG, II/14, 89 (23 October 1944).
269. Below, 391.
270. Bormann Letters, 139 (25 October 1944).
271. Bormann Letters, 138 (24 October 1944); Schroeder, 150.
272. TBJG, II/14, 93 (24 October 1944). See also TBJG, II/14, 88 (23 October 1944), Schroeder, 150; and Irving, HW, 725.
273. Below, 391; TBJG, II/14, 110 (26 October 1944); Irving, HW, 726, 893 note. Hitler was keen to make use of the atrocities for propaganda purposes. (See Jodl’s note arising from the military briefing on 25 October 1944 in IfZ, Nbg.-Dok., 1787-PS, 496: ‘Russian atrocities in the occupation of East Prussian territory must be spread by Wehrmacht propaganda. Photographs, questioning of witnesses, factual reports etc. for this. Where are the [Wehrmacht] propaganda companies?’ (‘Russische Greueltaten bei der Besetzung ostpreußischen Gebiets müssen durch Wpr verbreitet werden. Dazu Aufnahmen. Zeugenvernehmung, Tatsachenberichte usw. Wo bleiben die Prop.-Kompanien?’)) Whatever the propaganda exploitation, there can be no doubt that horrific atrocities were indeed perpetrated by soldiers of the Red Army. In military terms, the short-lived capture of Gumbinnen and Goldap (at high cost) provided Soviet forces with valuable experience to prepare their later full-scale assault on East Prussia. (Glantz and House, 228–9, 365–6 (n.34).)
274. KTB OKW, iv/1, 439, 442–3; Warlimont, 480; Below, 391–2.
275. Below, 390.
276. See TBJG, II/13, 582 (28 September 1944); Irving, HW, 708; Samuel W. Mitcham Jr, ‘Generalfeldmarschall Robert Ritter von Greim’, in Ueberschär, Hitlers militärische Elite, II, 72–7.
277. TBJG, II/14, 328 (2 December 1944).
