Stalin полностью

235. Hitler had initially rented the alpine hideaway, known as the Haus Wachenfeld, a modest, rustic lodge, during a 1926 holiday (the rent was paid by an admirer), but by 1933, using monies he earned from the sale of Mein Kampf, he had purchased the property. “This place is mine,” Hitler had proudly told a writer for the British Homes and Gardens in 1938. “I built it with money that I earned.” The breathless magazine article, featuring photographs, called Hitler “his own decorator, designer, and furnisher, as well as architect.” It would acquire a remodeled study, a film screening room, and a great room with a marble fireplace, chandeliers, Persian rugs, paintings, and wall tapestries. The furniture was Teutonic-style.

236. Stratigakos, Hitler at Home. See also Schuster-Winkelhof, Adolf Hitlers Wahlheimat; and Hoffmann, Hitler in seinem Bergen.

237. Pauker had a personal Cadillac, a gift from Stalin. Yezhov would ride in a gold-colored Chrysler airflow sedan, one of two in the USSR. Lakoba got a Lincoln. Beria would obtain a coveted Packard. Zhukovskii, Lubianskaia imperiia NKVD, 31; Orlov, Tainaia istoriia, 309; Orlov, Secret History, 346.

238. “There are others like Leshchenko,” Stalin was said to have told Artyom and Vasya, “but there’s only one Vertinsky.” Sergeev and Glushik, Besedy o Staline, 42.

239. Mikoian, Tak bylo, 352–3.

240. Their treehouse (“Robinson Crusoe”) was removed, perhaps for security reasons, even though Stalin did not go there much anymore. Alliluyeva, Twenty Letters, 122. Zubalovo would be renamed Gorky-4.

241. Pauker had ended up in Russia in April 1915 as an Austro-Hungarian POW, and was sent to work on a railroad in Turkestan, where in March 1917 he was released and stayed on and joined the Cheka (Dec. 1918), and, around 1920, relocated to Moscow. Petrov and Skorkin, Kto rukovodil NKVD, 102, 335; Naumov, Stalin i NKVD, 80. Orlov is the source of numerous fairy tales about Pauker, which have been repeated in the secondary literature. Orlov, Taina istoriia, 305–17.

242. Svetlana began first grade in fall 1933; Vasily entered fifth. After completing the eighth grade, Vasily in 1937 would be transferred to special School No. 2; the next year he would be sent to the Kachinsk Military Aviation School in Sevastopol. Svetlana would complete all ten grades at No. 25 and graduate in 1943. Holmes, Stalin’s School, 165–8. Pauker’s men would drop the children off in a car at Pushkin Square, after which they walked the short rest of the way.

243. The unofficially adopted Artyom, after Nadya’s suicide, had gone back to live with his mother full-time in her Moscow apartment, though he continued to visit the Stalin family. He recalled how once at a meal Stalin discovered ashes in the soup and demanded to know the culprit. Artyom admitted responsibility. Stalin told him to eat the soup and if he liked it to ask Karolina Til to put ashes in it every day, but if he did not like it, to desist from doing so ever again. Sergeev and Glushik, Besedy o Staline, 89–96, 123. In 1937, Artyom’s mother would obtain a dacha in the elite settlement of Zhukova.

244. Loginov, Teni Stalina, 97.

245. “She and her father are great friends,” Nadya had written to Keke, back on March 12, 1931, when Svetlana was five. Murin, Stalin v ob”iatiakh, 15–6 (APRF, f. 45, op. 1, d. 1549, l. 40–40ob.).

246. After her mother’s death Svetlana got a new governess, Lidiya, with whom she clashed. Alliluyeva, Twenty Letters, 132.

247. Charkviani, Napriki da naazrevi, 503. Khrushchev claimed he observed such scenes and pitied Svetlana “as I would feel for an orphan. Stalin himself was brutish and inattentive. . . . [Stalin] loved her, but . . . his was the tenderness of a cat for a mouse.” Krushchev, Khrushchev Remembers, 310–1.