Summerfolk полностью

76. E. Simonov, “Dom otdykha i otdykh doma,” VM, 10 Mar. 1932, 1.

77. Ekskursionnyi spravochnik na leto 1933 g. (Moscow, 1933).

78. V. Baburov, “Prigorodnaia zona Moskvy,” Stroitel’stvo Moskvy, no. 12 (1935), 27.

79. A. V., “Progulka za gorod,” VM, 25 May 1936, 2.

80. Otdykh pod Moskvoi: Spravochnik po lodochnym pristaniam i pliazham na leto 1940 goda (Moscow, 1940); V. L. Nekrasova, Putevoditel’ po severnym okrestnostiam Leningrada (Leningrad, 1935).

81. On the debates of the 1920s, see Bliznakov, “Soviet Housing,” 85–148.

82. A critique of the Sokol settlement on economic grounds is to be found in N. Markovnikov, “Poselok ‘Sokol,’” Stroitel’naia promyshlennost’, no. 12 (1929), 1071–76. Ironically, Markovnikov one year earlier had published a short book in which he presented a sympathetic analysis of garden city projects abroad; in 1929, presumably, he buckled under the pressure of incipient Stalinism.

83. K. Paustovskii, “Moskovskoe leto,” in his Sobranie sochinenii v deviati tomakh (Moscow, 1981–86), 6:90–111.

84. TsMAM, f. 718, op. 8, d. 35, 1. 96.

85. TsGA SPb, f. 2047, op. 1, d. 2, l. 284.

86. In 1933, for example, the Moscow-based dacha trusts were ordered to evict citizens who had moved into dachas without the necessary official permission and tenants who had been subletting rooms or not paying their rent on time; these measures were confidently expected to free up “not fewer than 300 substantial dachas.” See “Spekulianty budut vyseleny,” VM, 17 Feb. 1933, 2.

87. Programma vsesoiuznogo otkrytogo konkursa na sostavlenie proektov (Leningrad, 1934). The designs presented in this competition were intended to be used in Lisii Nos, Mel’nichii Ruchei, and other areas of current dacha construction. Further standard designs of the mid-1930s are to be found in Liudvig, Rekomendovannye proekty. This book advocates the standardized mass production of prefabricated dachas and claims to be presenting the best of the current design solutions.

88. A transcript of the relevant meeting of the presidium of the oblispolkom can be found at TsGA SPb, f. 2047, op. 1, d. 2, ll. 240–42.

89. TsGA SPb, f. 2047, op. 1, d. 2, ll. 271, 317, and d. 78.

90. Ibid., d. 3, l. 87, and d. 46, ll. 251–52.

91. Ibid., d. 46, ll. 402–3.

92. See Radiukov, “Tish’ i glad’ vmesto dach,” and D. Taver, “Propala programma dachnogo stroitel’stva,” VKG, 2 Jan. 1932, 2, and 15 Mar. 1932, 2, respectively. Other examples in VKG, 14 Apr. and 8 and 10 May 1933; in Moscow, VM, 3 Apr. 1935. The question of dacha provision even found its way into the all-union press: e.g., S. Bogorad, “Khozhdenie po dacham,” Pravda, 13 Apr. 1937, 6.

93. E. Bermont, “Ia khochu dachu,” VM, 10 Apr. 1933, 3.

94. Corruption cases involving the acquisition of dachas by workers in the blat-ridden trade distribution system are described in E. Osokina, Za fasadom “stalinskogo izobiliia” (Moscow, 1999), 225, 226.

95. Text of the resolution by the Moscow oblispolkom in Portugalov and Dlugach, Dachi, 164.

96. For examples of public encouragement, see “Stroite dachi!,” VM, 15 July 1932, 1, and “Zabota o sebe samom: Est’ dachi, stolovye, detploshchadki,” VM, 3 Apr. 1933, 2.

97. TsMAM, f. 1956, op. 1, d. 5, ll. 46–460b. By mid-summer of 1937, the number of cooperatives had risen to 168, but only 85 had dachas completed and ready for use (ibid., d. 24, l. 30).

98. E.g., ibid., d. 42, l. 23; d. 378, ll. 49–51.

99. For statements of people’s perceived moral right to a dacha on these grounds, see ibid., d. 42, l. 117; d. 231, ll. 10-11, 60.

100. Ibid., d. 48, l. 2380b.

101. TsGA SPb, f. 2047, op. 1, d. 27, l. 151.

102. At a meeting of members of specific dacha cooperatives with representatives of Mosgordachsoiuz on 28 July 1937, several speakers complained that policy on subletting was formulated and implemented inconsistently; the head of the Moscow housing administration asserted that to forbid the practice would be foolish and counterproductive, given the drastic shortage of dacha accommodations in the region; cooperatives should, however, ensure that the prices asked were not extortionate (TsMAM, f. 1956, op. 1, d. 24, l.16).