20. See, e.g., Christine Ruane, “Caftan to Business Suit: The Semiotics of Russian Merchant
Dress,” in Merchant Moscow: Images of Russia’s Vanished Bourgeoisie, ed. J. West and Iu. Petrov (Princeton, 1998).
21. On Stanislavsky and Liubimovka, see N. Shestakova, Pervyi teatr Stanislavskogo (Moscow, 1998). Stanislavsky’s views on the social and cultural potential of his
generation of the merchantry come across strongly in chap. 2 of his memoir My Life in Art, trans J.J. Robbins (Boston, 1924). In chap. 29 he recalls how a barn on a friend’s
estate a few versts from Liubimovka provided the venue for early rehearsals of a troupe
that would soon become the Moscow Art Theatre.
22. Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin: Perepiska. Dnevnik. Sovremenniki o khudozhnike, ed. I. N. Shuvalova, 2d ed. (Leningrad, 1984), 38–39. The migration of landscape
artists to the north is recognized as an established phenomenon in “Peterburgskoe
obozrenie,” Severnaia pchela, 7 May 1860, 416; it received increased institutional backing in 1884 with the establishment
of a retreat (later named the “academy dacha”) in Tver’ guberniia where students of
the St. Petersburg Academy of the Arts could refine their skills each summer. See
I. Romanycheva, Akademicheskaia dacha (Leningrad, 1975).
23. N. Rimskii-Korsakov, Letopis’ moei muzykal’noi zhizni (1844–1906), 3d ed. (Moscow, 1926), 237, 224.
24. Z. Zhemchuzhnaia, Puti izgnaniia: Ural, Kuban’, Moskva, Kharbin, Tian’tszin (Tenafly, N.J., 1987), 203. The comparison with Switzerland is a commonplace of prerevolutionary
descriptions of the dacha.
25. Boris Zaitsev to Ivan Bunin, 1 Sept. 1935, quoted in A. Liubomudrov, “Monastyrskie
palomnichestva Borisa Zaitseva,” Russkaia literatura, no. 1 (1995), 154.
26. V. Shklovskii, Tret’ia fabrika (Leningrad, 1926), 21, 24. Fellow enthusiasts of the dacha on the coast were the
Bertenson family, headed by a well-known prerevolutionary physician, who in 1907 built
themselves a spacious two-story house overlooking the sea at Terioki after several
years of renting dachas in this village: see S. Bertenson, Vokrug iskusstva (Hollywood, 1957), 99. The popularity of Finnish dachas among middle-class Petersburgers
is discussed in N. Bascmakoff and M. Leinonen, Iz istorii i byta russkih v Finliandii, vol. 1 (Helsinki, 1990).
27. Vera Andreeva, Dom na chernoi rechke (Moscow, 1980).
28. This comes across very strongly in Leonid Andreyev, Photographs by a Russian Writer, ed. R. Davies (London, 1989). For a discussion of Andreev’s house, see esp. 50–56.
29. L. Chukovskaia, Pamiati detstva (New York, 1983), 27.
30. C. Kelly, Refining Russia: Advice Literature, Polite Culture, and Gender from Catherine to Yeltsin (Oxford, 2001), 184–86.
31. Khudozhnik, no. 1 (1891).
32. Note the following examples: Dachnaia zhizn’ (a supplement to the middlebrow magazine Raduga, published in Moscow in 1885 and 1886); Dachnyi kur’er (a St. Petersburg newspaper published in 1908); Dachnaia gazeta (published in St. Petersburg in 1908); Dachnaia biblioteka, St. Petersburg, 1911; Dachnitsa (a weekly newspaper published in St. Petersburg in 1912); Dachnik (Moscow, published in 1912).
33. On America, see K. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York, 1985), esp. chap. 3.
34. Leto v Tsarskom Sele: Rasskazy dlia detei (St. Petersburg, 1880), 16. Note also Dachnyi poezd (Moscow, 1917), another children’s book, plushly illustrated in full color, with
the cherubic children clothed in prim anglophile attire.
35. M. I. Mikhel’son, Russkaia mysl’i rech’: Opyt russkoi frazeologii (St. Petersburg, 1899), 227.
36. A. P. Chekhov, “Lishnie liudi,” in his Polnoe sobranie sochinenii i pisem v tridtsati tomakh (Moscow, 1974–83), 5:198–204.
