6. A. I. Ulianova-Elizarova in Aleksandr Il’ich Ulianov i delo 1 marta 1887 g. (Moscow-Leningrad, 1927), 97, and V. Alekseev and A. Shver in Sem’ia Ulianovykh v Simbirske, 1896–1897 (Leningrad, 1925), 48–51.
7. V. Vodovozov in NChS, XII (1925), 175.
8. Valentinov, Early Years, 111–38 and 189–215, based on conversations with Lenin.
9. SR, XII, No. 36 (1934), 592–93.
10. K. Marx and F. Engels, Werke, XXXIV (Berlin, 1966), 477.
11. This subject is treated at length in my Struve: Liberal on the Left, 1870–1905 (Cambridge, Mass., 1970), 28–51.
12. Richard Pipes in Pipes, ed., Revolutionary Russia (Cambridge, Mass., 1968), 32.
13. Ulianova-Elizarova in Vospominaniia rodnykh, 29.
14. Marx and Engels, Werke, XXII, 509–27.
15. On this usage, see my article in SR, XXIII, No. 3 (1964), 441–58.
16. Lenin, PSS, I, 105; LS, XXXIII, 16.
17. Lenin, PSS, I, 312.
18. Karl Radek in Rabochaia Moskva, No. 92/656 (April 22, 1924).
19. A. N. Potresov, Posmertnyi sbornik proizvedenii (Paris, 1937), 294; R. H. B. Lockhart, Memoirs of a British Agent (London, 1935), 237; Angelica Balabanoff, Impressions of Lenin (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1964), 123.
20. Potresov, Posmertnyi sbornik, 301.
21. Robert Michels, Political Parties (Glencoe, 111., 1949), 227n.
22. Potresov, Posmertnyi sbornik, 300.
23. L. Trotskii, O Lenine (Moscow, 1924), 6–7.
24. Lenin, PSS, XXXVI, 23.
25. N. [L.] Trotskii, Nashi politicheskie zadachi (Geneva, 1904), 96.
26. Nina Tumarkin, Lenin Lives! (Cambridge, Mass., 1983), 77.
27. M. Gorkii, Vladimir Il’ich Lenin (Leningrad, 1924), 9; NZh, No. 177 (November 10, 1917), cited in H. Ermolaev, ed., Maxim Gorky, Untimely Thoughts (New York, 1968), 89.
28. V. Vodovozov in NChS, XII, 176–77.
29. Gorkii, Lenin, 10; M. Gorki, Lenine et le Paysan Russe (Paris, 1924), 96.
30. La Grande Revue, XXVII, No. 8 (August 1923), 206.
31. B. D. Wolfe, Three Who Made a Revolution (New York, 1948), 219–20.
32. Potresov, Posmertnyi sbornik, 296–97.
33. SR, XII, No. 36 (1934), 593.
34. Gorki, Lenine et le Paysan Russe, 64.
35. Ibid, 83–84.
36. Lenin, PSS, XXXVI, 346.
37. La Grande Revue, XXVII, No. 9 (September 1923), 459.
38. Gorki, Lenine et le Paysan Russe, 16–17.
39. K. Marx, Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right, J. O’Malley, ed. (Cambridge, 1970), 133.
40. Lenin, PSS, XV, 296–97.
41. N. K. Takhtarev in Byloe, No. 24 (1924), 22.
42. Lenin’s first St. Petersburg period (1893–97) is recounted in my Social-Democracy and the St. Petersburg Labor Movement (Cambridge, Mass., 1963).
43. Perepiska G. V. Plekhanova i P. B. Aksel’roda, I (Moscow, 1925), 271.
44. Lenin, PSS, I, 279–80, and II, 433–70.
45. Ibid, II, 84.
46. Karl Radek in Rabochaia Moskva, No. 92/656 (April 22, 1924).
47. Lenin, PSS, II, 104; emphasis supplied.
48. Ibid., 84, 101–2; emphasis supplied.
49. Pipes, Struve: Liberal on the Left, 223–26.
50. Ibid., 227–32.
51. Lenin, PSS, IV, 193–94.
52. Ibid., 373.
53. The background of these negotiations is described in my Struve: Liberal on the Left, 260–70.
54. Ibid., 276.
55. Lenin, PSS, XXXIV, 40.
56. On this, see V. A. Tvardovskaia in IZ, No. 67 (1960), 103–44; S. S. Volk, Narodnaia volia (Moscow-Leningrad, 1966), 250–77; and F. Venturi, Roots of Revolution (New York, 1960), 650–53.
57. Volk, Narodnaia volia, 254–55.
58. Lenin, PSS, VIII, 384–85.
59. Volk, Narodnaia volia, 203–12.
60. Leonard Schapiro, The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (New York, 1960), 49.
61. Ibid., 58–59.
62. Ibid., 61.
63. Trotskii, Nashi politicheskie zadachi, 93.
64. Lenin, PSS, VIII, 370.
65. Letter to Karl Kautsky, June 1904, cited in A. Ascher, Pavel Axelrod and the Development of Menshevism (Cambridge, Mass., 1972), 211.
66. L. Martov, Spasiteli ili uprazdniteli? (Paris, 1911), 3.
67. Z. A. B. Zeman and W. B. Scharlau, The Merchant of Revolution: The Life of Alexander Israel Helphand (Parvus) (London, 1965), 76.
68. LS, V (1926), 456–59.
69. On this, see Oskar Anweiler, The Soviets (New York, 1974), 76–86.
70. N. Mendeleev in NZh, No. 6 (November 2, 1905), 5.
