W. D. Howells to Victoria Howells, Apr. 10, 1881, in William Dean Howells, Selected Letters, ed. George Warren Arms (Boston: Twayne, 1979), 2: 278-79; Candice Millard, Destiny of the Republic: A Tale of Madness, Medicine, and the Murder of a President (New York: Doubleday, 2011), 79-84, 108-12; Ari Hoogenboom, Outlawing the Spoils: A History of the Civil Service Reform Movmeent 1865-1883 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1968), 203-8.
2
Миллард, 91-97, 104-8, 113-24.
3
Там же, 125-32.
4
Там же, 150-52.
5
Там же, 14-17, 138, 140, 156-62, 176-77, 186-90.
6
Millard, 164-69; W. D. Howells to W. C. Howells, July 3, 1881, in Howells, Selected Letters, 2: 287; David M. Jordan, Roscoe Conkling of New York: Voice in the Senate (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1971), 393-409.
7
Эдвард Чалфант, Лучше во тьме: A Biography of Henry Adams: His Second Life, 1862-1891 (Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1994), 426-28; Millard, 195-96, 204-5, 212-14, 224-29, 238-46.
8
Горацио Алджер, "От мальчика с канала до президента, или Мальчишество и юность Джеймса А. Гарфилда" (Бостон: DeWolfe, Fiske & Co., 1881), 297, 307-8.
9
W. D. Howells to Edmund Gosse, Dec. 9, 1883, in Howells, Selected Letters, 3: 85-86.
10
W. D. Howells to W. C. Howells, July 21, 1878, in ibid., 2: 203.
11
Уильям Дин Хауэллс, "Полицейский отчет", Atlantic Monthly 49 (январь 1882): 1-17.
12
Я получаю полезную информацию от Вайнштейна, не разделяя его энтузиазма по поводу Спенсера и не реабилитируя его. Дэвид Вайнштейн, "Герберт Спенсер", в Стэнфордской энциклопедии философии, изд. Edward N. Zalta (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2012); T. J. Jackson Lears, No Place of Grace: Antimoderism and the Transformation of American Culture, 1880-1920 (New York: Pantheon Books, 1981), 20-22.
13
Richard Hofstadter, Social Darwinism in American Thought (Boston: Beacon Press, 1992), 31-50; для экскурсии: Barry Werth, Banquet at Delmonico's: Great Minds, the Gilded Age, and the Triumph of Evolution in America (New York: Random House, 2009), 279-81; Ronald L. Numbers, Darwinism Comes to America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 69; Lears, 20-23, 52.
14
Harold C. Livesay, Andrew Carnegie and the Rise of Big Business (Boston: Little, Brown, 1975); Werth, xix-xxx, 259-62, цитата xxv.
15
Уильям Джеймс, "Великие люди, великие мысли и окружающая среда", Atlantic Monthly (октябрь 1880 г.): 441-59.
16
Там же.
17
Джеффри П. Склански, Экономика души: Market Society and Selfhood in American Thought, 1820-1920 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002), 140-51.
18
Джон Спенсер Кларк, Жизнь и письма Джона Фиска, том 2 (Бостон и Нью-Йорк: Houghton Mifflin, 1917), 109-10; Livesay, 148-52.
19
Nancy Cohen, The Reconstruction of American Liberalism, 1865-1914 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002), 148-52; Brian Balogh, A Government out of Sight: The Mystery of National Authority in Nineteenth-Century America (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 311-12; Sklansky, 112-13, 118-19, 124-27, 130-31.
20
Склански, 112-13.
21
Марта А. Сандвайс, "Странный проход": A Gilded Age Tale of Love and Deception across the Color Line (New York: Penguin Press, 2009), 111; J. Hay to W. D. Howells, Mar. 26, 1883, in John Hay, John Hay-Howells Letters: The Correspondence of John Milton Hay and William Dean Howells, 1861-1905, ed. William Dean Howells, George Monteiro, and Brenda Murphy (Boston: Twayne, 1980), 68-69; Kenneth Schuyler Lynn, William Dean Howells; an American Life (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971), 268-72.
22
Дэниел Т. Роджерс, Атлантические переходы: Social Politics in a Progressive Age (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998), 62-63, 77-78, 82-84, 88-91; David G. McCullough, The Greater Journey: Americans in Paris (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011); Roseanne Currarino, The Labor Question in America: Economic Democracy in the Gilded Age (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2011), 63-66.
23
Роджерс, 88-90, 95-98.
24
Ibid., 97-99; Benjamin G. Rader, "Richard T. Ely: Lay Spokesman for the Social Gospel", Journal of American History 53, no. 1 (1966): 61-74.
25
James Livingston, Pragmatism and the Political Economy of Cultural Revolution, 1850-1940 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994), 53-54; Cohen, 159-60. О более широкой международной реформе - Thomas Bender, A Nation among Nations: Место Америки в мировой истории (Нью-Йорк: Hill and Wang, 2006), 246-54.
26
Rader, 64; James T. Kloppenberg, Uncertain Victory: Social Democracy and Progressivism in European and American Thought, 1870-1920 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), 250-51, 265; Charles Howard Hopkins, The Rise of the Social Gospel in American Protestantism, 1865-1915 (New Haven, CT: Yale Universiy Press, 1940), 68-69; Rodgers, 98-99.
27
Роджерс, 98-101.
28
