83 Filatov, Sovershenno nesekretno, 233. The eavesdropping and its targets, which included Filatov and his family, Viktor Ilyushin, and members of the Chernomyrdin machine, are detailed in Igor’ Korotchenko, “Kompromat” (Compromising material), Nezavisimaya gazeta, October 12, 1996; and Valerii Streletskii, Mrakobesiye (Obscurantism) (Moscow: Detektiv-Press, 1998). The head of research of the Kremlin’s executive office was surprised when the surveillance began, associating it with Soviet ways, but thought it deterred the leaking and sale of sensitive information. Mark Urnov, interview with the author (May 26, 2000).
84 Third Yeltsin interview.
85 The outstanding example is Korzhakov’s letter to Chernomyrdin of November 30, 1994, about Russian oil exports, in which he advised him to turn over supervision to Soskovets. See Korzhakov, Boris Yel’tsin, 406–10; and Irina Savvateyeva, “Kto upravlyayet stranoi—Yel’tsin, Chernomyrdin ili General Korzhakov?” (Who governs Russia—Yeltsin, Chernomyrdin, or General Korzhakov?), Izvestiya, December 22, 1994.
86 See, for instance, the description by Yeltsin of Korzhakov’s advocacy of Barsukov (Marafon, 78); and details on his role in the decision on the procurator general, in Yurii Skuratov, Variant drakona (Version of the dragon) (Moscow: Detektiv, 2000), 68–70. The procurator whom Skuratov replaced, Aleksei Il’yushenko (the man who charged NTV with slander for the Kukly satire), had also been appointed at Korzhakov’s behest in 1994. Korzhakov was godfather of Soskovets’s first grandson in 1994, and at the same ceremony Soskovets himself was baptized, with Korzhakov again as godfather.
87 Anatolii Kulikov, Tyazhëlyye zvëzdy (Heavy stars) (Moscow: Voina i mir, 2002), 358.
88 Yel’tsin, Marafon, 24.
89 Ibid., 78, 256–57.
90 Korzhakov, Boris Yel’tsin, 243–46.
91 Yel’tsin, Zapiski, 326.
92 Yel’tsin, Marafon, 257.
93 Alena V. Ledeneva, How Russia Really Works: The Informal Practices That Shaped Post-Soviet Politics and Business (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2006), 11.
CHAPTER FOURTEEN
1 Aleksandr Korzhakov, Boris Yel’tsin: ot rassveta do zakata (Boris Yeltsin: from dawn to dusk) (Moscow: Interbuk, 1997), 308; Nikolai Zen’kovich, Boris Yel’tsin: raznyye zhizni (Boris Yeltsin: various lives), 2 vols. (Moscow: OLMA, 2001), 2:465. In the interview, published in Komsomol’skaya pravda, Yeltsin said he favored training a group of twenty leaders from which his successor would be elected. Nothing was done about the suggestion.
2 Dmitri K. Simes, After the Collapse: Russia Seeks Its Place as a Great Power (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1999), 139.
3 Strobe Talbott, The Russia Hand: A Memoir of Presidential Diplomacy (New York: Random House, 2002), 33.
4 Yu, M. Baturin et al., Epokha Yel’tsina: ocherki politicheskoi istorii (The Yeltsin epoch: essays in political history) (Moscow: VAGRIUS, 2001), 525–30; Georgii Satarov, first interview with the author (June 5, 2000).
5 There is scathing commentary in Vyacheslav Kostikov, Roman s prezidentom: zapiski press-sekretarya (Romance with a president: notes of a press secretary) (Moscow: VAGRIUS, 1997), 120–21.
6 Sergei Medvedev, interview with the author (May 28, 2001).
7 See http://www.fotuva.org/newsletters/fot13.html.
8 Tatyana Malkina, interview with the author (June 13, 2001).
9 See Korzhakov, Boris Yel’tsin, 329–31; and Andrei Shleifer and Daniel Treisman, Without a Map: Political Tactics and Economic Reform in Russia (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2000), 47.
10 Malkina interview. She added that Yeltsin now and again acted as if he were in a trance or “not of these parts” (nezdeshnii).
11 See especially M. Steven Fish, “Russia’s Fourth Transition,” Journal of Democracy 5 (July 1994), 31–42; Marc Morjé Howard, The Weakness of Civil Society in Post-Communist Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003); and Henry E. Hale, Why Not Parties in Russia? Democracy, Federalism, and the State (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006).
12 Source: scattered press reports; second interview with Gennadii Burbulis, conducted by Yevgeniya Al’bats (February 14, 2001); Sergei Stankevich, interview with the author (May 29, 2001).
