17d05d030193283f60ac573244de53e6 полностью

Chinese Intellectuals, Inc. (ARCI); by 1955, when it curtailed its activities, ARCI had dispensed a total of $1,348,063 in aid. Anon., “Background of Committee to Aid Chinese Refugees,” n.d., box 1, folder Background material, Aid Refugee Chinese Intellectuals, Inc., Papers, Hoover Institution, Stanford University; anon., “Purpose and Program of Aid Refugee Chinese Intellectuals, Inc.,” n.d., box 1, folder Purpose and program of ARCI, ARCI Papers.

37. See, for example, Joseph Buttinger, “Memorandum on Indochina (Vietnam),”

n.d. [probably early January 1955], box 83, folder IRC, 1954–1957, Asia Foundation Papers, Hoover Institution, Stanford University.

38. Quoted in Eric Thomas Chester, Covert Network: Progressives, the International Rescue Committee, and the CIA (New York: M. E. Sharpe, 1995), p. 164. Another important member of the “Vietnam Lobby”—and the Lansdale circle—was Wesley R. Fishel, a political science professor who was responsible for setting up a South Vietnamese police training program at Michigan State University, which would later be exposed by Ramparts as a CIA front. See below, chap. 10.

39. Ibid., p. 168.

40. Robert Scheer and Warren Hinckle, “The Vietnam Lobby,” in Ramparts, A Vietnam Primer, n.d., n.p., box 17, Dooley Papers.

41. Joseph G. Morgan, in The Vietnam Lobby: The American Friends of Vietnam, 1955–1975 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997), tends to downplay the AFV’s influence. For a contrary view, see Jacobs, America’s Miracle Man, chap. 6. An excellent brief treatment of the Vietnam Lobby is James T.

Fisher, “‘A World Made Safe for Diversity’: The Vietnam Lobby and the Politics of Pluralism, 1945–1963,” in Christian G. Appy, ed., Cold War Constructions: The Political Culture of United States Imperialism, 1945–1966 (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2000), pp. 217–237.

42. One CIA-front donor was the Baird Fund. Chester, Covert Network, p. 165.

43. Oram’s mere presence in the IRC and AFV is suggestive: his firm undertook public fund-raising for a wide range of CIA front organizations on the non-communist left, such as the American Committee for Cultural Freedom. Ibid., pp. 152, 163.

44. Fisher, Dr. America, p. 95; see, for example, Edward Lansdale to John O’Daniel, 3 January 1958, 21.547, Lansdale Papers, wherein Lansdale suggests that AFV

attempt to discredit a reporter, Hilaire du Berrier, who had commented critically on U.S. support for the Diem regime.

45. Quoted in Morgan, Vietnam Lobby, p. 154; Jacobs, America’s Miracle Man, p. 232.

46. Jacobs, America’s Miracle Man, p. 329.

47. IRC Saigon Office Quarterly Report, January–March 1956, box 83, folder IRC, 1954–1957, Asia Foundation Papers; Edward Lansdale to Joseph Mankiewicz, 17

March 1956, 35.785, Lansdale Papers.

N O T E S T O PA G E S 1 7 7 – 1 8 3

297

48. Quoted in Jacobs, America’s Miracle Man, p. 110.

49. Quoted in Nashel, “Edward Lansdale,” p. 290.

50. Edward Lansdale to Ngo Dinh Diem, 28 October 1957, 39.1052, Lansdale Papers.

51. Quoted in Jacobs, America’s Miracle Man, p. 110.

52. Fisher, Dr. America, p. 96.

53. Ibid., p. 113.

54. Ibid., p. 182. See also Diana Shaw, “The Temptation of Tom Dooley,” Los Angeles Times Magazine, 15 December 1991, 43–46, 50, 80.

55. Quoted in Fisher, Dr. America, p. 117.

56. Thomas Dooley, “Plans for the Medical Mission to the Kingdom of Laos,” n.d., 2.35, Dooley Papers.

57. Quoted in Jacobs, America’s Miracle Man, p. 167. Lederer and Burdick’s Ugly American featured a tough Jesuit missionary, Father John. X. Finian, with more than a passing resemblance to Thomas A. Dooley.

58. Quoted in Fisher, Dr. America, p. 163.

59. See Chester, Covert Network, pp. 169–174.

60. Edward Lansdale to John W. O’Daniel, 5 August 1963, 21.547, Lansdale Papers.

61. The Asia Foundation had already inherited some programs originated by the IRC’s Saigon office, including the popular cultural associations. See Robert Blum to Margaret Z. Cole, 20 September 1956, box 83, folder IRC, 1954–1957, Asia Foundation Papers. The history of the Asia Foundation, whose records have recently been opened at the Hoover Institution, awaits further exploration.

62. Paul Hellmuth to Thomas Dooley, 21 December 1960, 4.67, Dooley Papers. “I believe that you have talent, the imagination, and the dynamic, practical sales ability needed to imbue other leaders in this country with this great aim and ideal,” Hellmuth wrote Dooley.