Anglo-American Establishment полностью

cool-headed neighbor."

The Group's attitude toward Bolshevism was clearly stated is an article in The Round

Table for March 1919: "Bolshevism is a tyranny—a revolutionary tyranny if you will—

which is the complete abnegation of democracy and of all freedom of thought and action.

Based on force and terroristic violence, it is simply following out the same philosophy

which was preached by Nietzsche and Haeckel, and which for the past twenty-five years

has glorified the might of force as the final justification of all existence.... In its present

form Bolshevism must either spread or die. It certainly cannot remain stationary. And at

the present moment, it stands as a very real menace to the peace of Europe and to any

successful establishment of a League of Nations. This is the real problem which the

Allied delegates in Paris have now to face." (The italics are mine.)

4. The German emissary, whose name Smuts does not mention, was Walter de Haas,

Ministerialdirektor in the Foreign Ministry in Berlin.

5. When the Labour government was in power in 1924 and the Dawes settlement of

reparations was an accomplished fact, Stresemann was so afraid that D'Abernon would be

replaced as British Ambassador in Berlin that he w rote a letter to Lord Parmoor (father

of Stafford Cripps, Lord President in the Labour Cabinet, and delegate at the time to the

League of Nations), asking that D'Abernon be continued in his post as Ambassador. This

letter, dated 16 September 1924, was answered by Lord Parmoor on 18 September from

Geneva. He said, in part: "I think that in the first instance Lord D'Abernon was persuaded

to go to Berlin especially in relation to financial and economic difficulties, but perhaps he

may be persuaded to stay on, and finish the good work he has begun. In any case your

letter is sure to be fully considered by our Foreign Minister, who is also our Prime

Minister." See E. Sutton, Gustav Stresemann: His Diaries, Letters, and Papers (New

York, 1935), I, 451-454.

6. This paragraph is largely based on J. H. Morgan, Assize of Arms (London, 1945),

especially 199, 42, and 268. It is worthy of note that H. A. L. Fisher consulted with both

Lord D'Abernon and General Morgan on his visit to Germany in 1923 and came away

accepting the ideas of the former. Furthermore, when Gilbert Murray went to Geneva in

1924 as League delegate from South Africa, Fisher wrote him instructions to this effect.

See D. Ogg, Herbert Fisher (London, 1947), 115-117.

7. On this organization see Institute of Politics, Williams College, The Institute of

Politics at Williamstown: Its First Decade (Williams/own, Mass., 1931).

8. Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, The Great Experiment (London, 1941), 166. The

quotations from Lord Esher’s Journals and Letters (4 vols., London, 1938) are in Vol.

IV, 227, 250, and 272.

9. Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, The Great Experiment (London, 1941), 250.

10. The whole memorandum and other valuable documents of this period will be

found in USSR, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Documents and Materials Relating to the

Eve of the Second World War (5 vole., 1948-1949), Vol. I, November 1937-1938. From

the Archives of the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 13-45. The authenticity of these

documents was challenged by an "unnamed spokesman" for the British Foreign Office

when they were first issued, but I am informed by the highest American authority on the

captured German documents that the ones published by the Russians are completely

authentic.

11. Keith Feiling, Life of Neville Chamberlain (London, 1941), 333. The author is a

Fellow of All Souls, close to the Milner Group, and wrote his book on the basis of the

late Prime Minister's papers, which were made available by the family.

12. See Lionel Curtis, Civitas Dei; The Commonwealth of God (London, 1938), 914-

930.

13. Robert J. Stopford, a close associate of the Milner Group whom we have already

mentioned on several occasions, went to Czechoslovakia with Runciman as a technical

adviser. See J. W. Wheeler-Bennett, Munich: Prologue to Tragedy (New York, 1948),

79, n. l.

14. The reference to Professor Schumann is in J. W. Wheeler-Bennett, Munich (New

York, 1948), 436, n.l. If Mr. Wheeler-Bennett had placed a little more credence in the

"pre-Munich plot," many of the facts which he cannot explain would be easily fitted into

the picture. Among them we might point out the mystifying (to Mr. Wheeler-Bennett)

fact that Lord Runciman's report of 16 September went further than either Hitler or

Henlein in demanding sacrifices from the Czechs (see Munich, p. 112). Or again he