Anglo-American Establishment полностью

H. W. C. Davis, the famous medieval historian, became a Fellow of All Souls

immediately after graduating from Balliol in 1895, and was a Fellow of Balliol for

nineteen years after that, resigning from the latter to become Professor of History at

Manchester University (1921-1925). During this period he was a lecturer at New College

(1897-1899), Chichele Lecturer in Foreign History (1913), editor of the Oxford

Pamphlets on the war (1914-1915), one of the organizers of the War Trade Intelligence

Department of the Ministry of Blockade in the Foreign Office (1915), acting director of

the Department of Overseas Trade under Sir Arthur Steel-Maitland (1917-1919), an

expert at the Paris Peace Conference (1918-1919), and editor of the Dictionary of

National Biography (1920-1928). In 1925 he returned from Manchester to Oxford as

Regius Professor of Modern History in succession to Sir Charles Firth, became a Fellow

of Oriel College, Curator of the Bodleian, and was named by the International Labour

Office (that is, by Harold Butler) as the British representative on the Blanesburgh

Committee on Factory Legislation in Europe. He edited the report of this committee. In

addition to his very valuable studies in medieval history, Davis also wrote The History of

the Blockade (1920) and sections of the famous History of the Peace Conference, edited by Harold Temperley (also a member of the Group).

Sir Maurice Linford Gwyer was a Fellow of All Souls for fourteen years after

graduating from Christ Church (1902-1916). During this time he was admitted to the bar,

practiced law, was lecturer in Private International Law at Oxford (1912-1915) and

solicitor to the Insurance Commissioners (1902-1916). He was then legal adviser to the

Ministry of Shipping (1917-1919) and to the Ministry of Health (1919-1926), then

Procurator-General and Solicitor to the Treasury (1926-1933), First Parliamentary

Counsel to the Treasury (1934-1937), and Chief Justice of India (1937-1943). He was

first British delegate to The Hague Conference on Codification of International Law

(1930) and a member of the Indian States Inquiry Committee (1932). He edited the later

editions of Anson's Law of Contract and Law and Custom of the Constitution.

William Keith Hancock, of Australia and Balliol, was a member of All Souls from

1924. He was Professor of History at Adelaide in 1924-1933, Professor of Modern

History at Birmingham in 1934-1944, and is now Chichele Professor of Economic

History at Oxford. He wrote the three-volume work Survey of British Commonwealth

Affairs, published by Chatham House in 1937-1942.

John Morley (Lord Morley of Blackburn) was a member of the Cecil Bloc rather than

of the Milner Group, but in one respect, his insistence on the inadvisability of using force

and coercion within the Empire, a difference which appeared most sharply in regard to

Ireland, he was more akin to the Group than to the Bloc. He was a close friend of Lord

Salisbury, Lord Esher, and Joseph Chamberlain and was also a friend of Milner's, since

they worked together on the Pall Mall Gazette in 1882-1883. He had close personal and

family connections with H. A. L. Fisher, the former going back to a vacation together in

1892 and the latter based on Morley's lifelong friendship with Fisher's uncle, Leslie

Stephen. It was probably through Fisher's influence that Morley was elected a Fellow of

All Souls in 1904. He had shown that his heart was in the right place, so far as the Milner

Group was concerned, in 1894, when Gladstone retired from the leadership of the Liberal

Party and Morley used his influence to give the vacant position to Lord Rosebery. Morley

was Secretary of State for India in the period 1905-1910, putting through the famous

Morley-Minto reforms in this period. In this he made use of a number of members of the

Milner and All Souls groups. The bill itself was put through the House of Commons by a

member of All Souls, Thomas R. Buchanan (1846-1911), who was shifted from Financial

Secretary in the War Office under Haldane to Under Secretary in the India Office for the

purpose (1908-1909).(6)

James Arthur Salter (Sir Arthur since 1922) was born in Oxford and lived there until

he graduated from Brasenose in 1904. He went to work for the Shipping Department of

the Admiralty in the same year and worked in this field for most of the next fourteen

years. In 1917 he was Director of Ship Requisitioning and later secretary and chairman of

the Allied Maritime Transport Executive. He was on the Supreme Economic Council in

1919 and became general secretary to the Reparations Commission for almost three years

(1920- 1922). He was Director of the Economic and Finance Section of the League of

Nations in 1919-1922 and again in 1922-1931. In the early 1930s he went on several