Anglo-American Establishment полностью

missions to India and China and served on various committees concerned with railroad

matters. He was Gladstone Professor of Political Theory and Institutions in 1934-1944,

Member of Parliament from Oxford University after 1937, Parliamentary Secretary to the

Ministry of Shipping in 1939-1941, head of the British Merchant Shipping Mission in

America in 1941-1943, Senior Deputy Director General of UNRRA in 1944, and

Chancellor to the Duchy of Lancaster in 1945.

Donald B. Somervell (Sir Donald since 1933) has been a Fellow of All Souls since he

graduated from Magdalen in 1911, although he took his degree in natural science. He

entered Parliament as a Unionist in 1931 and almost at once began a governmental

career. He was Solicitor General (1933-1936), Attorney General (1936-1945), and Home

Secretary (1945), before becoming a Lord Justice of Appeal in 1946. His brother, D. C.

Somervell, edited the one-volume edition of Toynbee's A Study of History for Chatham

House.

Sir Arthur Ramsay Steel-Maitland was a Fellow of All Souls for the seven years

following his graduation from Balliol in 1900. He was unsuccessful as a candidate for

Parliament in 1906, but was elected as a Conservative from Birmingham four years later.

He was Parliamentary Under Secretary for Colonies (1915-1917), Joint Parliamentary

Under Secretary in the Foreign Office and Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade

in the capacity of head of the Department of Overseas Trade (1917-1919), and Minister

of Labour (1924-1929).

Benedict H. Sumner was a Fellow of All Souls for six years (1919-1928) and a Fellow

of Balliol for twenty (1925-1944), before he became Warden of All Souls (1945). During

the First World War, he was with Military Intelligence and afterwards with the British

delegation at the Peace Conference. During the Second World War, he was attached to

the Foreign Office (1939-1942). He is an authority on Russian affairs, and this probably

played an important part in his selection as Warden of All Souls in 1945.

Laurence F. R. Williams went to Canada as lecturer in medieval history at Queen's

University after leaving Balliol (1913-1914). Immediately on becoming a Fellow of All

Souls in 1914, he went to India as Professor of Indian History at the University of

Allahabad. In 1918 and in 1919 he was busy on constitutional reforms associated with the

Government of India Act of 1919, working closely with Sir William Marris. He then

became director of the Central Bureau of Information for six years (1920-1926) and

secretary to the Chancellor of the Chamber of Princes for four (1926-1930). He was, in

this period, also secretary to the Indian Delegation at the Imperial Conference of 1923,

political secretary to the Maharaja of Patiala, substitute delegate to the Assembly of the

League of Nations (1925), member of the Legislative Assembly (1924-1925), joint

director of the Indian Princes' Special Organization (1929-1931), adviser to the Indian

States delegation at the Round Table Conference of 1930-1931, and delegate to the

Round Table Conference of 1932. In the 1930s he was Eastern Service director of the

BBC (under H. A. L. Fisher), and in the early days of the Second World War was adviser

on Middle East Affairs to the Ministry of Information. Since 1944 he has been in the

editorial department of The Times. His written output is considerable, much of it having

been published as official documents or parliamentary papers. Among these are the

Moral and Material Progress Reports of India for 1917-1925, the official Report on Lord

Chelmsford's Administration, and the official History of the Tour of the Prince of Wales.

He also wrote Lectures on the Handling of Historical Material (1917), a History of the

Abbey of St. Alban (1917), and a half dozen books and pamphlets on India.

Ernest Llewellyn Woodward, the last Fellow of All Souls whom we shall mention

here, is of great significance. After studying at Oxford for seven years (1908-1915) he

went into the British Expeditionary Force for three, and then was elected a Fellow of All

Souls, an appointment he held until he became a Fellow of Balliol in the middle of the

1940s. He was also a tutor and lecturer at New College, a Rhodes Traveling Fellow

(1931), and in 1944 succeeded Sir Alfred Zimmern as Montague Burton Professor of

International Relations. When the decision was made after the Second World War to

publish an extensive selection of Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919-1939,

Woodward was made general editor of the series and at once associated with himself

Rohan D'Olier Butler, who has been a Fellow of All Souls since leaving Balliol in 1938.

Woodward was a member of the council of the Royal Institute of International Affairs