Anglo-American Establishment полностью

Kerr, and George R. Parkin.(1) A somewhat similar series of lectures was given on the

British Dominions at the University of Birmingham in 1910-1911 by such men as Alfred

Lyttelton, Henry Birchenough, and William Hely-Hutchinson. These were published by

Sir William Ashley in a volume called The British Dominions.

These efforts, however, were too weak, too public, and did not reach the proper

persons. Accordingly, the real efforts of the Milner Group were directed into more

fruitful and anonymous activities such as The Times and The Round Table.

The Milner Group did not own The Times before 1922, but clearly controlled it at least

as far back as 1912. Even before this last date, members of the innermost circle of the

Milner Group were swarming about the great newspaper. In fact, it would appear that The

Times had been controlled by the Cecil Bloc since 1884 and was taken over by the

Milner Group in the same way in which All Souls was taken over, quietly and without a

struggle. The midwife of this process apparently was George E. Buckle (1854-1935),

graduate of New College in 1876, member of All Souls since 1877, and editor of The

Times from 1884 to 1912. (2) The chief members of the Milner Group who were

associated with The Times have already been mentioned. Amery was connected with the

paper from 1899 to 1909. During this period he edited and largely wrote the Times

History of the South African War. Lord Esher was offered a directorship in 1908. Grigg

was a staff writer in 1903-1905, and head of the Imperial Department in 1908-1913. B.

K. Long was head of the Dominion Department in 1913-1921 and of the Foreign

Department in 1920-1921. Monypenny was assistant editor both before and after the Boer

War (1894-1899, 1903-1908) and on the board of directors after the paper was

incorporated (1908-1912). Dawson was the paper's chief correspondent in South Africa

in the Selborne period (1905-1910), while Basil Williams was the reporter covering the

National Convention there (1908-1909). When it became clear in 1911 that Buckle must

soon retire, Dawson was brought into the office in a rather vague capacity and, a year

later, was made editor. The appointment was suggested and urged by Buckle.(3) Dawson

held the position from 1912 to 1941, except for the three years 1919-1922. This interval

is of some significance, for it revealed to the Milner Group that they could not continue

to control The Times without ownership. The Cecil Bloc had controlled The Times from

1884 to 1912 without ownership, and the Milner Group had done the same in the period

1912-1919, but, in this last year, Dawson quarreled with Lord Northcliffe (who was chief

proprietor from 1908-1922) and left the editor's chair. As soon as the Milner Group,

through the Astors, acquired the chief proprietorship of the paper in 1922, Dawson was

restored to his post and held it for the next twenty years. Undoubtedly the skillful stroke

which acquired the ownership of The Times from the Harmsworth estate in 1922 was

engineered by Brand. During the interval of three years during which Dawson was not

editor, Northcliffe entrusted the position to one of The Time's famous foreign

correspondents, H. W. Steed.

Dawson was succeeded as editor in 1944 by R. M. Barrington-Ward, whose brother

was a Fellow of All Souls and son-in-law of A. L. Smith. Laurence Rushbrook Williams,

who functions in many capacities in Indian affairs after his fellowship in All Souls (1914-

1921), also joined the editorial staff in 1944. Douglas Jay, who graduated from New

College in 1930 and was a Fellow of All Souls in 1930-1937, was on the staff of The

Times in 1929-1933 and of the Economist in 1933-1937. He became a Labour M.P. in

1946, after having performed the unheard-of feat of going directly from All Souls to the

city desk of the Labour Party's Daily Herald (1937-1941). Another interesting figure on

The Times staff in the more recent period was Charles R. S. Harris, who was a Fellow of

All Souls for fifteen years (1921-1936), after graduating from Corpus Christi. He was

leader-writer of The Times for ten years (1925-1935) and, during part of the same period,

was on the staff of the Economist (1932-1935) and editor of The Nineteenth Century and

After (1930-1935). He left all three positions in 1935 to go for four years to the Argentine

to be general manager of the Buenos Aires Great Southern and Western Railways. During

the Second World War he joined the Ministry of Economic Warfare for a year, the

Foreign Office for two years, and the Finance Department of the/War Office for a year

(1942-1943). Then he was commissioned a lieutenant colonel with the military

government in occupied Sicily, and ended up the war as a member of the Allied Control

Commission in Italy. Harris's written works cover a range of subjects that would be