alternative representations, 270
AND (&&), 262
example, 263–265
precedence, 269–270
ranges, 265–267
functor equivalents, 1031–1032
NOT (!), 267–269
OR (||), 260–262
Example, 261–262
logical OR operator (||), 260–262
alternative representations, 270
example, 261–262
precedence, 269
logic_error exception, 918
long data type, 68–70
long double data type, 94–96
long long type, 1153
LONG_MAX constant, 72
LONG_MIN constant, 72
loops, 195
break statement, 280–282
continue statement, 280–282
do while, 231–233
entry-condition loops, 198
for loops
blocks, 212–214
body, 196–197
combination assignment operators, 211–212
comma operator, 214–217
compared to while loops, 227–228
decrement operator (—), 207–211
example, 196–197
expressions, 200–202
factorials, calculating, 203–205
increment operator (++), 207–211
initialization, 196–197
loop test, 196–197
loop updates, 196–198, 205–206
nonexpressions, 202
sequence points, 208–209
side effects, 201, 208–209
step size, 205–206
strings, 206–207
syntax, 197–199
forever loops, 232
nested loops, 244–249
number-reading loops, 283–286
range-based, C++11, 233–234
text input234, cin object, 234–235
cin.get() function, 235–237, 241–244
end-of-file conditions, 237–241
sentinel characters, 234
while loops, 224–227
compared to for loops, 227–228
example, 225–226
syntax, 224
time-delay loops, 229–230
lotto probabilities, calculating, 317–320
lotto.cpp, 319
low-level languages, 11
low-level programming, 1203–1204
lower_bound() function, 1024, 1304, 1309
lower_bound() method, 1021, 1283
lvalue reference, 1162
M
machine language, definition of, 18
Macintosh, C++, 25
macros, compared to inline functions, 382
magval() method, 602
main() function, 29–30
calling, 30
importance of, 32
int main() header, 30–31
make_heap() function, 1305, 1314
malloc() function, 160
mangling names, 418
manip.cpp, 1079
manipulators, 38, 1090–1091
endl, 37–38
iomanip header file, 1091
number base display, 1078–1079
mantissas, 93
manyfrnd.cpp, 865
mapped_type type, 1281, 1284
maps, methods, 1281–1284
math operators, 97.
max() function, 1305, 1316
max() method, 787, 1046
maxsize() method, 1275
max_element() function, 1305, 1317
max_size() method, 1251
mean, harmonic, 896
means() function, 909–914
member dereferencing operators, 1242–1246
member functions.
const member functions, 537
constructors, 524, 538–539
calling, 526–527
declaring, 525–526
default constructors, 527–528, 638–639
defining, 525–526
new operator, 659–661, 677–678
copy constructors, 639
deep copying, 642–644
limitations, 640–642
shallow copying, 640
when to use, 639–640
definitions, 509, 514, 516, 523
destructors, 528–529, 538–539
friend member functions, 578–580, 883
compared to friend classes, 886
example, 885–886
forward declaration, 884
shared friends, 888–889
implicit member functions, 637–638
inline functions, 517–518
invoking, 523
object membership, 518
objects, returning, 662–664
const objects, 662–665
non-const objects, 663
private, 513
properties, 777–778
public, 513
qualified names, 514
template classes, list, 1014–1016
this pointer, 539–546
unqualified names, 514
member in-class initialization, 1160
member initializer lists, 683, 715
member templates, 854–855
members, structures, 141
memberwise assignment, 145
memberwise copying, 640
memb_pt.cpp, 1244–1245
memory.
allocating
bad_alloc exceptions, 921
new operator, 160–162
automatic storage, 182
cv-qualifiers, 472–474
dynamic, 476–482
dynamic memory allocation, 757
derived class does use new, 758–760
derived class doesn’t use new, 757–758
example, 761–766
free store, 182–183
freezing delete operator, 163–164
function linkage, 474–475
language linking, 475–476
leaks, 183
memory-related methods, 1258
multifile programs, compiling separately, 447–453
named, 160
stack, 458–459
unwinding, 909–914
static storage, 183
storage class specifiers, 472–473
storage duration, 453–454
