creating, 483–486
declarative region, 483
example, 492–496
namesp.cpp, 493–494
namesp.h, 493
usenmsp.cpp, 494–495
global, 484
guidelines, 496–497
nesting, 490–491
open, 485
potential scope, 483
std, 59
unnamed, 491–492
using declaration, 486–490
using directive, 487–490
using-declaration, 491
using-directive, 491
naming conventions, 60
header files, 34
source files, 20
symbolic names, 90–92
universal character names, 87–88
variables, 66–68
narrowing uniform initialization, 1154
navigating files, 133–1141
temporary files, 1141–1142
nested classes, 682, 889–891
access control, 892
scope, 891–892
templates, 892–896
nested loops, 244–249
nested structures, 682
nested.cpp, 247, 895–896
nesting namespaces, 490–491
new, 921
new operator, 180–182, 454, 476–479, 482, 668
bad_alloc exceptions, 921
constructors, 659–661, 677–678
dynamic arrays, 164–167
dynamic structures, 178–180
free store, 183
memory allocation, 160–162
placement new, 671–676
reference variables, 400
newline character (\n), 38–39
newstrct.cpp, 179–180
next_permutation() algorithm, 1039
next_permutation() function, 1306, 1319
noboolalpha manipulator, 1090
noexcept, C++11, 1248
non-const objects, returning references to, 663
non-member functions, 986–991
non-type arguents (arrays), 843–845
nonexpressions, for loops, 202
nonmodifying sequence operations, 1286
adjacent_find() function, 1287, 1290
count() function, 1287, 1291
count_if() function, 1287, 1291
equal() function, 1288, 1291–1292
find() function, 1287–1289
find_end() function, 1287–1290
find_first_of() function, 1287, 1290
find_if() function, 1287–1289
for_each() function, 1287–1289
mismatch() function, 1288, 1291
search() function, 1288, 1292–1293
search_n() function, 1288, 1293
noshowbase manipulator, 1090
noshowpoint manipulator, 1091
noshowpos manipulator, 1091
NOT operators, logical NOT (!), 267–269
alternative representations, 270
precedence, 269
not.cpp, 267–268
nouppercase manipulator, 1091
nth_element() function, 1304, 1308, 1315
null characters, 121
null pointers, 163
nullptr, 1158
number base display, 1078–1079
number-reading loops, 283–286
numbers, 1215
ASCII character set, table of, 1225–1229
Big Endian/Little Endian, 1218
binary numbers, 1217
hexadecimal equivalents, 1217–1218
decimal numbers, 1215
factorials, calculating, 203–205
floating-point numbers, 92
advantages/disadvantages, 96–97
constants, 96
decimal-point notation, 92
double data type, 94–96
E notation, 92–93
float data type, 94–96
long double data type, 94–96
harmonic mean, 896
hexadecimal numbers, 1216
binary equivalents, 1217–1218
integers, 68
bool, 90
char, 80–89
choosing integer types, 76–77
climits header file, 71–73
constants, 78–80, 90–92
initializing, 73
int, 68–70
long, 68–70
short, 68–70
sizeof operator, 71–73
unsigned, 74–76
width of, 68
number-reading loops, 283–286
octal numbers, 1215–1216
pointers, 160
pseudorandom numbers, 605
numeric operations, 1319–1320
accumulate() function, 1320
adjacent_difference() function, 1321–1322
inner_product() function, 1320–1321
partial_sum() function, 1321
numstr.cpp, 130
num_test.cpp, 198
n_chars() function, 314–317
O
object code, definition of, 18
object types, 47
object-oriented programming. See OOP (object-oriented programming)
objects, 511, 786
arrays, 355, 546–549
declaring, 546
example, 547–549
fill function, 357
initializing, 546
as exceptions, 903–908
assignable, 1008
associating with files, 289
base-class objects, accessing, 801
cerr, 1067
cin, 1067, 1093–1095
cin.get() function, 235–237, 241–244
get() function, 128–130
getline() function, 126–127
loops, 234–235
operator overloading, 1095–1097
stream states, 1097–1102
class, 788
clog, 1067
contained objects
compared to private inheritance, 806
initializing, 791
interfaces, 792–795
copy constructable, 1008
cout, 1067–1069
concatenation, 1071–1072
field width display, 1080–1081
fill characters, 1081–1082
