167. TBJG, II/4, 416 (31 May 1942). Hitler repeated that the attacks would be on ‘cultural centres’, since those on military and economic targets had hardly been worthwhile. The appointment of Air Marshal Arthur Harris as Commander-in-Chief of the RAF’s Bomber Command on 23 February had sharply intensified the British strategy of ‘area bombing’, aimed at demoralization of the population living in the centres of German cities (Overy, Why the Allies Won, 112–13).
168. TBJG, II/4, 422 (1 June 1942); 431 (2 June 1942).
169. Below, 311–12.
170. Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht (Wehrmachtführungsstab), Bd.II: i.Jan-uar 1942–31. Dezember 1942, ed. Andreas Hillgruber, Frankfurt am Main, 1963 (=KTB OKW, ii.), ii/i, 395–6 (1 June 1942); Bock, 490 (1 June 1942); Picker, 381 (1 June 1942).
171. Picker, 381 (2 June 1942).
172. TBJG, II/4, 489 (10 June 1942).
173. A military alliance, rather than a formal pact, had been arrived at in spring 1941. The Finns had initially put out a declaration of neutrality on the day of the German attack on the Soviet Union, though Hitler’s own proclamation the same day had pointed out that German soldiers at the northern point of the front were fighting alongside Finnish divisions. Immediate Soviet attacks on Finland led to a Finnish declaration of war on 25 June 1941. (See DRZW, iv.Ch.VI, pts.1–4, especially 39off., 400–404.)
174. Bernd Wegner, ‘Hitlers Besuch in Finnland. Das geheime Tonprotokoll seiner Unterredung mit Mannerheim am 4. Juni 1942’, VfZ, 41 (1993), 122 n.23; Domarus, 1889.
175. Wegner ‘Hitlers Besuch in Finnland’, 122–3, 127.
176. Wegner ‘Hitlers Besuch in Finnland’, 124, 128; Domarus, 1889.
177. Wegner, ‘Hitlers Besuch in Finnland’, 126 and (for the text) 130–37.
178. Wegner, ‘Hitlers Besuch in Finnland’, 127.
179. Wegner, ‘Hitlers Besuch in Finnland’, 125–6 and n.40, 134 n.74. For the ‘preventive war’ legend, and the way it was exploited by Nazi propaganda, see above, Ch.9, notes 4, 39.
180. Wegner, ‘Hitlers Besuch in Finnland’, 128.
181. TBJG, II/4, 489 (10 June 1942).
182. Wegner, ‘Hitlers Besuch in Finnland’, 129.
183. TBJG, II/4, 450 (5 June 1942). Daluege rang Goebbels at 10a.m. to say that Heydrich had died a half an hour earlier. Presumably, he had first rung FHQ. But Hitler, as Goebbels pointed out, could not make any decision about the state funeral since he was in Finland and not expected back until the evening. So he must already have left FHQ when the news arrived. He landed in Finland at 11.15a.m. (Domarus, 1889). Whether Hitler was informed during his six-hour visit to Finland, or learnt of Heydrich’s death only on return (Domarus, 1890) is uncertain.
184. Picker, 386 (4 June 1942). Hitler referred here, as on an earlier occasion, on 3 May 1942 (Picker, 306–8), to attempts on his own life. Hitler repeated, when in Berlin for Heydrich’s funeral, that he had warned him only to travel in an armour-plated car (TBJG, II/4, 486 (10 June 1942)).
185. TBJG, II/4, 486 (10 June 1942).
186. TBJG, II/4, 492 (10 June 1942).
187. See DRZW, vi.868ff. for the unfolding of the campaign.
188. Halder KTB, iii.462 (21 June 1942).
189. Overy, Why the Allies Won, 66.
190. Halder KTB, iii.467 (28 June 1942).
191. Halder KTB, iii.469 (1 July 1942); Domarus, 1895–6.
192. Bock, 512–14 (3 July 1942).
193. Halder Diary, 632–9 (3–13 July 1942); Bock, 525–6 (13 July 1942); Below, 312. In his talk with Bock on 3 July, Hitler had made fun of the English for sacking generals when something went wrong and thereby undermining the freedom of decision in the army (Bock, 513 (3 July 1942)).
194. See Domarus, 1897, n.312.
195. Domarus, 1897; Hauner, Hitler, 179, for the return to Rastenburg on 1 November.
196. Schroeder, 135–41; Halder KTB, iii.483 (16 July 1942); Below, 313. Picker found the Ukraine an attractive area (Picker, 465 (22 July 1942)). Below, who had mentioned that Hitler disliked the heat and the flies in the summer of 1942, referred to the Vinnitsa headquarters during the second sojourn there in late February and early March 1943 as ‘pleasant’ (Below, 331). Goebbels, however, visiting FHQ in that period, found the location ‘desolate (trostlos)’ TBJG, II/7, 501 (9 March 1943)).
197. Below, 313; Picker, 461 (19 July 1942).
198. Picker, 457–77 (18–26 July 1942).
199. Below, 313.
200. Halder KTB, iii.492 (28 July 1942), 493–4 (30 July 1942), 494–5 n.1; KTB OKW, ii/2, 1285; Irving, HW, 405–6.
201. Hartmann, 325.
202. Below, 313.
203. See Bernd Wegner, ‘Vom Lebensraum zum Todesraum. Deutschlands Kriegführung zwischen Moskau und Stalingrad’, in Jürgen Förster (ed.), Stalingrad. Ereignis-Wirkung-Symbol, Munich/Zürich, 1992, 17–37, here 19.
