Stalin полностью

71. Petukhov and Khomchik, “Delo o ‘Leningradskom tsentre,’” 17–8; Lenoe, Kirov Murder, 245–6 (RGANI, f. 6, op. 13, d. 1, l. 85). Leonid’s half-brother Pyotr had deserted from the Red Army and would be captured in a gunfight. Lenoe, Kirov Murder, 217–8, 247–8.

72. Deviatov et al., “Gibel’ Kirova,” 59 (citing TsGA IPD, f. 24, op. 2a, d. 30, l. 16–7: report by Alekhin, head of the NKVD operative department, to Zakovsky on Dec. 12, 1934). Smolny had had no pass system whatsoever through 1932; in 1933, its security was taken over by the secret police.

73. Kirilina, Neizvestnyi Kirov, 408–9 (Nikolayev interrogation, Dec. 3, 1934).

74. Kirilina, Neizvestny Kirov, 211–4; Rosliakov, Ubiistvo Kirova, 40; Lenoe, Kirov Murder, 150–1 (citing RGANI, f. 6, op. 13, d. 73, l. 114–5: Sveshnikov interview). On rationing anxiety: Rimmel, “Another Kind of Fear”; Khlevniuk, Politbiuro, 125–6.

75. Deviatov et al., “Gibel’ Kirova,” 60; Lenoe, Kirov Murder, 162 (RGANI, f. 6, op. 13, d. 80, l. 137–9: Gubin testimony, Jan. 7, 1935), 408–9 (RGANI, f. 6, op. 13, d. 13, l. 252–62, 263–74, 279–81, 289–95pb.: Baskakov and Mikhalchenko, 1960–1); Sedov et al., “Spravka,” 494. Deviatov et al. have Borisov as head of Kirov’s bodyguards from Feb. 1, 1934.

76. Sedov et al., “Spravka,” 494. Borisov initially testified that he was twenty steps behind, but later that it was twenty to thirty. RGASPI, f. 671, op. 1, d. 113, l. 22 (Dec. 1, 1934); Kirilina, Neizvestnyi Kirov, 209. Deviatov et al. write that Kirov’s traveling detail did not go inside the building, in violation of regulations. Vinogradov, Genrikh Iagoda, 390–1 (TsA FSB, f. 3, op. 2, d. 60, l. 47); Deviatov et al., “Gibel’ Kirova.”

77. Lebina, Povsednevnaia zhizn’, 216–8.

78. Kirilina, Neizvestnyi Kirov, 408; RGASPI, f. 671, op. 1, d. 114, l. 81, 7.

79. Bravy, the commandant duty officer, on the basis of having heard the shot, placed two calls to NKVD headquarters. According to A. L. Molochnikov, chief of economic security in the Leningrad NKVD, who was at Liteiny, the first call was merely a summons of Medved; the second, seconds later, mentioned Kirov being shot. He judged that Fomin had also received a call, evidently placed by Mikhalchenko, Bravy’s superior as deputy commander of the Smolny guard. Zhukov, “Sledstvie,” 36; Lenoe, Kirov Murder, 159–60 (RGANI, f. 6. Op. 13, d. 71, l. 15–7: Molochnikov, Dec. 9), 164–6 (TsA FSB, a.u.d. N-Sh44, t. 24, l. 99–104: Mikalchenko, Dec.), 762–3n28 (RGASPI, f. 671, op. 1, d. 113, l. 72–3: Bravy).

80. Reabilitatsiia, kak eto bylo 490.

81. Bogen, chief of the Leningrad health department, who was on the third floor, arrived early to the scene, and found Kirov without a pulse. Dr. Maria Galperina, of the Smolny clinic, found Kirov already dead when she arrived (nonetheless she applied artificial respiration). Professors began arriving around 5:00 p.m.; Professor of Surgery Yustin Janelidze arrived last at 5:40 p.m., not long after which Kirov was finally pronounced dead. Rosliakov, Ubiistvo, 41–2; Kirilina, Neizvestny Kirov, 221–8; Koenker et al., Revelations, 74–5 (Sept. 9, 1965); Lenoe, Kirov Murder, 168–9.

82. Zhukov, “Sledstvie,” 36; Deviatov et al., “Gibel’ Kirova,” 58. Deviatov has the Draule interrogation taking place at Smolny; Zhukov, at NKVD HQ. The location is not specified on the protocol, which lists 16:45 as the start and 19:10 as the conclusion. The otherwise scrupulous Lenoe surmises that the interrogation commenced at 18:45, and a mix-up of 6 and 8 occurred in the record. He bases this unnecessary speculation on the brevity of the protocol, arguing that its length corresponds to a twenty-five-minute conversation. Of course, the NKVD interrogators included in “protocols” what they deemed important. A short text could have resulted from a conversation lasting 2 hours and 25 minutes. Lenoe, Kirov Murder, 176 (RGASPI, f. 671, op. 1, d. 114, l. 1–2).

83. Kirilina, Neizvestny Kirov, 218; Lenoe, Kirov Murder, 157. The witness accounts are supported by the post-Stalin memoirs of Rosliakov (first put to paper around 1959–60, and published in 1991), who was the deputy director of Leningrad regional planning (for finances), and was in Chudov’s office and one of the first to the scene. (Rosliakov believed Stalin organized the assassination.) Silverest Platoch, an electrician, was fixing the light fixtures on the third floor; Grigory G. Vasilyev, a stockman, was also there, to carry a typewriter from the secret department to the former Tauride Palace for the speech.