Stalin полностью

84. “It seems to be the most likely that at the moment Kirov was wounded he was not in a vertical position.” Deviatov et al., “Gibel’ Kirova,” 64; author interview with Devyatov in Moscow (Dec. 23, 2014). Kirov’s body was cremated at the Donskoi Monastery; his clothing was preserved at a museum dedicated to him in Leningrad.

85. RGANI, f. 6, op. 13, d. 117, l. 1–18 (Pelshe commission report, 1966); Petukhov and Khomchik, “Delo o ‘Leningradskom tsentre,’” 15–8; Rosliakov, Ubiistvo Kirova, 43–4; Lenoe, Kirov Murder, 763n30 (RGANI, f. 6, op. 13, d, 13, l. 314-6: Kulesh, 1960).

86. The person closest to Kirov at the time of the shot, Platoch, who upon seeing an approaching Kirov had turned his back to lock the glass door (it had been opened to use the elevator to transport the typewriter), claims when he heard the shot he turned again and saw Kirov on the floor in the corridor alongside another male, whom he punched in the face. Another witness, Mikhail Lioninok, a city party functionary, claimed he came into the hall after hearing the first shot and saw Nikolayev standing, screaming, waving the gun, and then firing the second shot. Lenoe, Kirov Murder, 153–4 (RGANI, f. 6, op. 13, d. 44, l. 22: Platoch testimony, Dec. 1, l. 15–7: Molochnikov testimony, Dec. 9; RGASPI, f. 671, op. 1, d. 113, l. 18–20: Platoch testimony, Dec. 2), 154 (TsA FSB, a.u.d. N-Sh44, t. 24, l. 81: Dec. 1), 167 (TsA FSB a.u.d. N-Sh44, t. 12, l. 15–6: Nikolayev testimony, Dec. 3). On the bullets, see RGANI, f. 6, op. 13, d. 117, l. 1–18 (Pelshe commission report, 1966); Petukhov and Khomchik, “Delo o ‘Leningradskom tsentre,’” 15–8; Rosliakov, Ubiistvo, 43–4; Lenoe, Kirov Murder, 763n30 (RGANI, f. 6, op. 13, d, 13, l. 314–6: Kulesh, 1960).

87. Lenoe, Kirov Murder, 170, 671–2, 764n32. The autopsy, performed on Dec. 2, determined that the bullet from the Nagant had entered Kirov’s cerebellum from behind, near his left ear, passed through the cerebellum and part of the left side of the temporal lobe, then bounced backward off the front of the skull slightly above the left eye; Kirov fell face forward with the left side of his forehead hitting the floor, and the combined bullet ricochet and floor impact cracked his skull, causing massive bleeding and bruising. He died instantly. Kirilina, Neizvestny Kirov, 223–5 (Kirov Museum, f. III-293, l. 1–4).

88. Deviatov et al., “Gibel’ Kirova,” 64 (TsA IPD StP, f. 25, op. 5, d. 52, l. 3–4, 119; d. 54, l. 53, 56).

89. Kirilina, Neizvestnyi Kirov, 211–4; Rosliakov, Ubiistvo, 40; Lenoe, Kirov Murder, 150 (citing RGANI, f. 6. op. 13, d. 73, l. 114–5: testimony of NKVD courier M. F. Fyodorova).

90. Rimmel, “Kirov Murder and Soviet Society,” 59, 62–4. Pavel Sudoplatov, whose wife (Emma Kaganova) was said to have helped compile a list in the central NKVD of Kirov’s mistresses and possible mistresses, wrote that Draule and Kirov were intimate, but that party leaders refused to acknowledge their hero had died because of adultery. Sudoplatov also asserted that Draule was a waitress in the Smolny cafeteria, and had considered filing for divorce. Sudoplatov, Razvedka i kreml’, 60–1; Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, 50–1.

91. Kirilina, “Vystrely v Smol’nom,” 33, 70–8 (interview with interrogator Leonid Raikhman, recounting his Dec. 2, 1934, interrogation of Draule).

92. Tatyiana Sukharnikova, director of the Kirov Museum in St. Petersburg, with the aid of Marx Draule, was able to read through all eighty-five volumes of the Kirov investigation in secret police archives, and reported that the notebook-diary is in Nikolayev’s hand and that there is no mention of an affair between Draule and Kirov. Sukharnikova, “My nagnali takoi”; Lenoe, Kirov Murder, 691–2.

93. Lenoe, Kirov Murder, 171–2 (RGANI, f. 6, op. 13, d. 62, l. 62–76: Fomin testimony, March 1, 1956; TsA FSB, a.u.d. N-Sh44, t. 24, l. 332–3: clinic examination, Dec. 1); Sedov et al., “Spravka,” 465; Petukhov and Khomchik, “Delo o ‘Leningradskom tsentre,’” 18 (Isakov, March 15, 1961); Kirilina, Neizvestnyi Kirov, 251.

94. The interrogator noted that, upon reading the written record, Nikolayev “categorically refused to sign the present protocol of his testimony, and attempted to rip it up.” Zhukov, “Sledstvie,” 37; Petukhov and Khomchik, “Delo o ‘Leningradskom tsentre,’” 18; Kirilina, Neizvestnyi Kirov, 250, 406–7; Lenoe, Kirov Murder, 256–9 (RGANI, f. 6, op. 13, d. 1, l. 92–9).

95. Vinogradov, Genrikh Iagoda, 390–1 (TsA FSB, f. 3, op. 2, d. 60, l. 47); Lenoe, Kirov Murder, 151 (RGANI, f. 6, op. 13, d. 71, l. 14). Why Medved’s telegram was sent so late—well after Kirov was dead and Draule had been arrested—remains puzzling.