2. About a quarter million copies of Mein Kampf, first published in 1925–26, had sold before he became chancellor, when sales really took off. In 1933, he earned more than 1 million marks in royalties, when schoolteachers averaged under 5,000 marks in annual salary. See also Lukacs, Hitler of History, 3.
3. Hitler, My Struggle (London: Hurst and Blackett, 1933); Hitler, Mon combat (Paris: Nouvelles éditions latines, 1934). Horace Rumbold, British ambassador in Berlin, had written a 5,000 word report (April 23, 1933) about Mein Kampf (“blood and thunder book”) and Hitler’s vow to restore German power “by force of arms.” The memo was read by the cabinet and prime minister, and internally called “our Bible” on Germany. DBFP, 2nd series, V: 47–55 (Rumbold to Simon, April 26, 1933); Medlicott, Britain and Germany, 6n1; Steiner, Triumph of the Dark, 22–3; Durocelle, La décadence, 61. But see also Vansittart, Mist Procession, 305, 500; Glibert, Roots of Appeasement, 132.
4. Gitler, Moia bor’ba (Shanghai: Gong, 1935).
5. Hitler, Mein Kampf, 553. Radek would pointedly tell a German official in Moscow that there had been no changes to chapter 14 (treating of expansion to the east) in the recent reissue of Hitler’s book—evidently the argument being used against Radek by foreign affairs commissariat personnel. DGFP, series C, II: 296–8 (unsigned memorandum, likely Twardowski, Jan. 1, 1934).
6. Pipes, Russian Revolution, 586; Ludendorff, Kriegsführung und Politik, 51.
7. Krasnaia zvezda, 1935, no. 57; see also no. 10, no. 31, no. 40, and no. 59.
8. Harris, “Encircled by Enemies,” 513–4 (citing RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 188, l. 31–51).
9. Wandycz, “Polish Foreign Policy: an Overview,” 65–73.
10. Na prieme, 152 (Feb. 28, 1935), 154–5 (March 8).
11. Ken, Mobilizatsionnoe planirovanie, 280 (citing AVP RF, f. 82, op. 18, pap. 80, d. 3, l. 35: Stern to Bessonov, March 17, 1935).
12. In Feb. 1935, Tukhachevsky and Jeronimas Uborevičius, commander of the Belorussian military district, had separately submitted secret memoranda arguing for war plan revisions. For Tukhachevsky, defeat of Poland remained a primary objective, but he foresaw Germany as “the chief agent of anti-Soviet intervention.” Uborevičius also named Germany and Poland as the main enemies, and deemed this new coalition more formidable because it could quickly get assistance from Finland and the Baltic states, and perhaps Britain, while still, as before, drawing in Japan in a two-front war. He argued that a quick defeat of Poland would prevent Germany from being able to mobilize fully. Aptekar’ and Uspenskii, Marshal M.N. Tukhachevskii, 2–11; Samuelson, Soviet Defence Industry Planning, 193–4; Samuelson, “Wartime Perspectives,” 187–214, at 207 (citing RGVA, f. 33987, op. 3, d. 400, l. 226–36: Tukhachevsky, Feb. 5, 1935; and d. 279, l. 124–49: Uborevičius, Feb. 19, 1935); Roberts, “Planning for War,” 1304–5; Dullin, Men of Influence, 97–8; Bruce Menning, personal communication.
13. Adibekov et al., Politbiuro TsK RKP (b)—VKP (b) i Evropa, 300 (RGASPI, f. 17, op. 162, d. 15, l. 5–6).
14. Hochman, Failure of Collective Security, 50–1.
15. Seraphim, Das politische Tagebuch Rosenbergs, 74–5.
16. Kershaw, Hitler, 1889–1936, 549–53; Shirer, Berlin Diary, 34; Weinberg, Foreign Policy, I: 204; Pravda, March 17 and 18, 1935.
17. New York Times, March 17 and 18, 1935; Washington Post, March 18, 1935.
18. Bullock, Hitler, 333; Weinberg, Foreign Policy, I: 203–6.
19. He added: “The only unusual thing about him was the length at which he spoke.” Schmidt, Hitler’s Interpreter, 17–26. This was Schmidt’s first encounter with Hitler.
20. DBFP, 2nd series, XII: 703–46; DGFP, series C, III: 1043–80 (Schmidt). A few days later, Hitler told Luftwaffe officers: “I don’t know how many aeroplanes Göring really has got, but that seemed about what there ought to be.” Kershaw, Making Friends with Hitler, 99–102 (citing PRO FO 800/290, fol. 200: April 2, 1935). See also Simon, Retrospect, 200–3; Strang, At Home and Abroad, 66–7; and Dodd and Dodd, Ambassador Dodd’s Diary, 228 (April 4, 1935).
21. Andrew and Elkner, “Stalin and Foreign Intelligence,” 76–7; West and Tsarev, Crown Jewels, 81–2.
22. Primakov, Ocherki, III: 461–7.
