158. The politburo decreed that Yezhov take a two-month holiday, and approved hard currency worth 3,000 rubles for him to go abroad for medical treatment with his wife. Khlevniuk et al., Stalin i Kaganovich, 572n5 (RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 743, l. 37–9; d. 755, l. 39; d. f. 17, op. 163, d. 1079, l. 63; op. 3, d. 971, l. 57).
159. Chigirin, Stalin, 83 (RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 1482, l. 51ob.).
160. Valedinskii, “Organizm Stalina vpolne zdorovyi,” 72. The incident is not dated; Shneiderovich saw Stalin in 1934–6.
161. RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 1479, l. 14–8.
162. Soviet diplomats noted cold, distant attitudes of the French officials with whom they interacted, while in Sept. 1935, a Soviet military mission to France received a favorable reception and were shown the Maginot Line (which was to be operational the next year) but came away unimpressed. Gamelin evaded being drawn into political discussions. Alexander Sedyakin (b. 1893), deputy head of the general staff responsible for Red Army training, concluded that the Soviets had next to nothing to learn from the French. DVP SSSR, XVIII: 505–6 (Potyomkin, Sept. 11, 1935), 659n212 (Hirschfeld to Krestinsky, Sept. 11); Castellan, “Reichswehr et armée rouge,” at 254–5; Orlov, “V poiskakh soiuznikov.” France had sharply curtailed military spending beginning in 1932. Jackson, “French Strategy,” 63.
163. Kievskii Krasnoznamenyi, 101–6 (citing RGVA, f. 25580, op. 74, d. 25, l. 12; d. 29, l. 332–3, 373–6); Dubynskii, “Bol’shie kievskie manevry,” 157–69; Eremenko, V nachale voiny, 7–13 (esp. 9 and 13, illustrations); Orlov, “V poiskakh soiuznikov,” 48; Sovetskaia voennaia entsiklopediia, V: 121–2; Grechko et al., Istoriia Vtoroi mirovoi voiny, I: 299; Kokoshin, Armiia i politika, 95, 192–6; Ziemke, Red Army, 194; Erickson and Simpkin, Deep Battle.
164. Kvashonkin, Sovetstskoe rukovodstvo, 311–2 (RGASPI, f. 74, op. 2, d. 37, l. 94–6). Voroshilov studied the assembled foreign reactions. Samuelson, Plans for Stalin’s War Machine, 242n43 (citing RGVA, f. 33987, op. 3, d. 740, l. 193–208). On the Red Army’s internal assessment and subsequent extended discussion: RGVA, f. 4, op. 15, d. 5, l. 419–23 (Sept. 22, 1935); op. 18, d. 52 (Dec. 8–14, 1935). General Ludvík Krejčí, head of the general staff, led the Czechoslovak delegation.
165. Loizeau’s observations were reported in Le Temps, Sept. 20, 1935. See Loizeau’s meeting with Tukhachevsky: DVP SSSR, XVIII: 518–21 (Sept. 25, 1935); Samuelson, Plans for Stalin’s War Machine, 242n44 (citing RGVA, f. 33987, op. 3, d. 687, l. 64–74: Sept. 25); Izvestiia, Sept. 27, 1935.
166. Dreifort, “French Popular Front,” 219, citing General Lucien Loizeau, “Une Mission militaire en U.R.S.S.,” Revue des Deux Mondes, Sept. 15, 1955: 275.
167. Habeck, Storm of Steel, 231 (citing RGVA, f. 4, op. 15, d. 5, l. 419–23: Sept. 22; l. 163, 165–6: Dec. 28, 1935).
168. Habeck, Storm of Steel, 231 (citing PA-AA, R31683K, pp. 134–39: report from Hagemeier, German Consulate in Kiev, “Inhalt: Herbstmanover der Roten Armee bei Kiew,” Oct. 2, 1935).
169. In his final remarks Hitler repudiated those who said, “The Führer, yes—but the party, that’s a different matter.” “No, gentlemen! The Führer is the party, and the party is the Führer.” Der Parteitag der Freiheit vom 10.-16. September 1935, 287.
170. It also forbade employment of German females under forty-five in Jewish households. Pätzold, Verfolgung, Vertreibung, Vernichtung, 113–4.
171. Kershaw, Hitler: 1889–1936, 569–71; Domarus, Hitler: Reden, I: 536–7.
172. Goebbels, Kommunismus ohne Maske, 5, 7. See also Bamsted, Goebbels and National Socialist Propaganda.
173. Khlevniuk et al., Stalin i Kaganovich, 567 (RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 89, l. 122: Sept. 15, 1935), 569 (l. 114–7: Sept. 15). In response to Kaganovich’s and Molotov’s proposed list of Soviet journalists to be sent to Prague at the invitation of Czechoslovakia, Stalin wrote, “It is necessary to include . . . one or two female journalists, one more Ukrainian writer, one or two Belorussian writers; in that connection, it’s not required to send editors of newspapers, it’s possible to send just popular writers.” Khlevniuk et al., Stalin i Kaganovich, 567 (RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 89, l. 110–110ob.), 571 (l. 152: Sept. 17), 571 (l. 154: Sept. 17).
174. Holmes, Stalin’s School, 167 (citing interview of Krasnogliadova, who referred to conversations with Belogorskaya).
