58. Conquest, Reassessment, 214–34; Gill, “Stalinism and Industrialization,” 131–2. Already by late Oct. 1937, of the 139 members and candidates of the Central Committee, more than half had been arrested and seven shot; another 23 were now scheduled to be executed. The next month Yezhov submitted to Stalin a list for execution of all 45 incarcerated Central Committee personnel who were still alive. Stalin crossed out half the names, perhaps because they had yet to “testify” fully, but many of them were executed some months later. Pavliukov, Ezhov, 339.
59. See the example in Dagestan in 1937: Pravda (Sept. 25, 1937): Dagestanskaia pravda, Oct. 23, 2013; Akhmedabiev, “I opiat’ o mifakh.”
60. Khaustov and Samuelson, Stalin, NKVD, 101–2 (citing APRF, f. 3, op. 58, d. 6, l. 28: Feb. 13, 1937).
61. Khrushchev, Vospominaniia, I: 121; Khrushchev, Memoirs, I: 115.
62. Kaganovich telegrammed Stalin that “acquaintance with the situation shows that the right-Trotskyite wrecking here has taken broad dimensions—in industry, agriculture, supply, trade, medicine, education and political work.” XXII s”ezd Kommunisticheskoi partii Sovetskogo soiuza, III: 153.
63. Shreider, NKVD iznutri, 68–70.
64. Hlevnjuk, “Les mécanismes de la ‘Grande Terreur’”; Thurston, Life and Terror, 62 (citing GARF, f. 8131, op. 27, d. 145, l. 49–57: Sept. 1939 report).
65. Gill, Origins of the Stalinist Political System, 273.
66. Scott, Behind the Urals, 195–6. Scott added: “Whereas most of the workers in the mills were fairly well trained by 1935, had acquired the knacks of electric welding, pipe-fitting, or what not, most of the administrators were far from having mastered their jobs” (175).
67. Khlevniuk, “Economic Officials in the Great Terror,” 39 (citing GARF, f. 5446, f. 1, d. 122a, 26–8).
68. More than 2,000 personnel in the various commissariats were arrested just between Oct. 1936 and March 1937, and that did not even include the NKVD, foreign affairs commissariat, and defense commissariat, which did not fall under the jurisdiction of the Council of People’s Commissars. Lukianov, “Massovye represii opravdany byt’ ne mogut,” 120 (data presented by a commission in 1962–3). Veitser was arrested on Oct. 17, 1937, and would be shot (May 7, 1938) at Kommunarka.
69. Kuromiya, “Stalinist Terror in the Donbas.”
70. Vasiliev, “Great Terror in the Ukraine,” 144–5 (citing TsGAOO Ukraini, f. 1, op. 20, d. 7115, l. 67, 86, 90, 167; d. 7177, l. 43–5, 47); Pravda, May 29, 1937; Kuromiya, Freedom and Terror, 219 (citing RGASPI, f. 17, op. 2, d. 574, l. 74; f. 589, op. 3, d. 2042); Likholobova, Totalitarnyi rezhym ta politychni represiï, 72n.
71. Likholobova, Stalins’kii totalitarnyi rezhym, 76–8.
72. Avdeenko, Nakazanie bez prestupleniia, 182–3.
73. Vasiliev, “Great Terror in the Ukraine,” 145; Shapoval, Lazar Kaganovich, 35.
74. Kuromiya, Freedom and Terror, 224n141 (RGASPI, f. 558, op. 1, d. 3215, l. 3).
75. Kvashonkin, Sovetskoe rukovodstvo, 361–62 (RGASPI, f. 17, op. 114, d. 953, l. 212–3, Manuilsky letter to Yezhov, Andreev, and Shkiryatov, May 21, 1937).
76. Banac, Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 52 (Feb. 11, 1937); Latyshev, “Riadom so Stalinym,” 19.
77. Chase, Enemies within the Gates?, 275–6; Banac, Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 69 (Nov. 11, 1937). On May 26, 1937, Dimitrov had cryptically recorded in his diary: “At Yezhov’s (1 o’clock in the morning). The major spies worked in the Comintern.” The next day: “Examination of the apparatus” of the Comintern Executive Committee. (61: May 26, 1937.)
78. Weber, “Weisse Flecken,” 19–20, 24. By some accounts, the Nazis killed six German politburo members. Overall, of the 1,400 leading German Communists, a total of 178 were killed in Stalin’s terror, nearly all of them residents of Hotel Lux. The Nazis killed 222 of them. Fritz Platten, the Swiss Communist who had organized Germany’s help for Lenin’s sealed-train return in 1917, and who lived at the Hotel Lux since 1924, was caught in the sweeps (he would die in Gulag).
79. The resolution was written in Nov. 1937, but it is not clear when the disbandment went into effect. The resolution was formally passed by the Comintern presidium on Aug. 16, 1938. Voprosii istorii KPSS, 1988, no. 12: 52; Chase, Enemies within the Gates?, 287–9; Lazitch, “Stalin’s Massacre,” 139–74; McDermott, “Stalinist Terror.”
80. Naszkowski, Nespokoinye dni, 209–10.
