120. Kolman, My ne dolzhny byli tak zhit’, 192. A reporter for Vechernaia Moskva, A. V. Khrabovitsky, would recall: “I always saw Khrushchev together with Kaganovich. Kaganovich was the active, powerful one, whereas all I ever heard Khrushchev saying was, ‘Yes, Lazar Moiseyevich,’ ‘Right, Lazar Moiseyevich.’” Medvedev, All Stalin’s Men, 124–5.
121. Dmitrii Shepilov, in Vostryshev, Moskva stalinskaia, 365.
122. Khrushchev, Vospominaniia, I: 112–5 (reference to D. Rabinovich and I. Finkel).
123. Khrushchev, Vospominaniia, 1: 132–4, 145–7; Khrushchev, Memoirs, I: 127–9, 138–40; Chuev, Tak govoril Kaganovich, 99; Taubman, Khrushchev, 103–4, 114–7; Na prieme, 227–9. See also Borys, “Who Ruled the Soviet Ukraine in Stalin’s Time?” A blithe absence of genuine concern from Stalin was evident in another favorite, the peasant-born Andreyev, who as a young man back in 1920–22 had voted for Trotsky’s platform in the trade union debate. During the June 1937 sessions of the Main Military Council, Stalin was seated next to Andreyev, pointed to him, and stated that “he had been a very active Trotskyite in 1921.” “Which Andreyev?” a voice interjected. “Andrei Andreyevich Andreyev, Central Committee Secretary,” Stalin answered, adding that Andreyev had “disarmed” and “is fighting the Trotskyites very well.” Istochnik, 1994, no. 3: 74.
124. That included both Moscow and Ukraine. Makarova, “Stalin i ‘blizhnyi krug,’” 301.
125. RGASPI, f. 17, op. 3, d. 995, l. 5.
126. Borys, “Who Ruled the Soviet Ukraine in Stalin’s Time?,” 230.
127. Khrushchev, Vospominaniia, I: 139–40.
128. Khrushchev, Vospominaniia, I: 184; Khrushchev, Memoirs, I: 178–80.
129. Mikoyan later wrote that “Khrushchev made a career for himself in Moscow literally within a couple of years. As for how and why—it was because almost everybody else had been put in prison in the meantime. Besides, Khrushchev had Alliluyeva as his patron. They met at the Industrial Academy where Khrushchev was active in fighting against the opposition. It was then that he became secretary of the district party committee. He finally got onto the Central Committee over others’ dead bodies, as it were.” Mikoian, Tak bylo, 614.
130. This was formalized in a politburo decree on Feb. 17, 1938: RGASPI, f. 17, op., 162, d. 22, l. 127.
131. Yezhov’s orders were dated Feb. 26 and March 3, 1938. Uspensky, for his part, told one of the newly appointed provincial NKVD chiefs under him, “all Germans and Poles living in Ukraine are spies and saboteurs.” Kuromiya and Pepłoński, “The Great Terror,” 650 (citing Z arkhiviv VUChK-HPU-NKVD-KHB, 1998, no. 1–2: 215).
132. Leplyovsky was transferred to NKVD transport; he would be arrested on April 26, 1938, and “confessed” that he had been a plotter since 1930, when he had helped mount the Springtime case against former tsarist officers. Naumov, Stalin i NKVD, 515–21. The last person connected with the Tukhachevsky trial, Marshal Blyukher, would be arrested on Oct. 22, 1938.
133. Na prieme, 220 (Sept. 21, 1937).
134. Getty and Naumov, Road to Terror, 418–9. At a Jan. 24–25, 1938, gathering of NKVD central and regional bosses, several requested extensions for the mass operations. Yezhov goaded them on, indirectly invoking Stalin. Frinovsky interrupted the speech of Grigory Gorbach, Mironov’s successor as NKVD chief in Western Siberia, “Have you heard? Fifty-five thousand arrested! Bravo Gorbach! There’s a star [molodets]!” Both Yezhov and Frinovsky ominously warned that additional enemies were lurking in NKVD ranks. “We have provinces where the local GB apparatus has not been touched at all.” Danilov et al., Tragediia Sovetskoi derevni, V/ii: 548; Khaustov and Samuelson, Stalin, NKVD, 241–2 (TsA FSB, f. 3, op. 5, d. 13, l. 358–9, 280); Pavliukov, Ezhov, 348–55.
135. Of the 204 special reports from the locales during the second half of July 1938 concerning the “struggle against counterrevolutionary elements,” Uspensky was responsible for more than thirty. Khaustov and Samuelson, Stalin, NKVD, 243–5 (TSA FSB, f. 3 os, op. 6, d. 4, l. 31–4; op. 5, d. 63); Shapoval et al., ChK-GPU-NKVD, 173–4.
136. Petrov and Jansen, Stalinskii pitomets, 364–5 (TsA FSB, H-15301, t. 9, l. 100–2).
137. Pavliukov, Ezhov, 359–62; RGASPI, f. 560, op. 1, d. 10, l. 38 (Zhabokritsky).
138. Vasilev et al., Politicheskoe rukovodstvo Ukrainy, 35–47 (TsDAGOU, f . 1, d. 548, l. 1–105: June 13, 1938).
139. Slutsky was in the Little Corner once in 1935, three times in 1936, and twice in 1937 (the last time on July 5, for twenty minutes). Na prieme, 705.
