Stalin полностью

140. Galina would later deny that this was her half-brother: V. Nechaev, “Vnuchka Stalina ‘o belykh piatniakh v istorii svoei sem’i,” Argumenty i fakty, Nov. 3, 1999.

141. Orlov, Secret History, 231–2, 237–8.

142. Pavliukov, Ezhov, 362–71 (citing TsA FSB, sledstvennoe delo No. N-15302, III: 100, XI: 184, Frinovsky testimony, Uspensky testimony); Petrov and Jansen, Stalinskii pitomets, 81–2 (citing TsA FSB, sledstvennoe delo No. N-15301, t. 3, l. 117–23). Also in April 1938, an NKVD passport decree denied individuals the ability to determine their nationality and thus, from the regime’s point of view, to hide behind a false front: rather, the determination would be derived from the nationality of one’s parents. If mother and father were of different nations, both were inscribed in the passport. The decree aimed to “unmask” people, particularly in border regions, who had co-nationals abroad and were concealing their true nationality. Hirsch, Empire of Nations, 275, 294 (GARF, f. 7523, op. 65, d. 304, l. 1).

143. For example, the June 16, 1937, reception given by Latvia for its foreign minister would be attended by Molotov, Litvinov, Mikoyan, Budyonny and Yegorov, and Kerzhentsev. Pravda, June 18, 1937. On July 10, 1937, a breakfast given by the Swedish foreign minister would be attended by Voroshilov, Kaganovich, Chubar, Rukhimovich, and Bulganin. Pravda, July 11, 1937.

144. RGASPI, f. 558, op. 11, d. 773, l. 1 (December 8, 1932); Murin, Stalin v ob”iatiakh sem’i, 159–60 (Nov. 4, 1934); Deviatov et al., Blizhniaia, 88.

145. Duggan, Fascist Voices, 319–24.

146. “Recently I have been dreaming about you a lot, perhaps, I don’t know, that is what stimulated me to write to you,” wrote Rakhil Dizik, a pedagogue of the Moscow region, in an undated letter, evidently from the 1930s, that mentioned her Communist Youth League membership and desire to get to know him better. Stalin returned her letter and accompanying photo with a note: “Comrade Unknown! I ask you to believe me that I have no desire to insult you . . . But all the same I must say that I am without the opportunity [no time!] to satisfy your wish. I wish you all the best.” “‘Tovarishch neznakomaia’: iz perepiski I. V. Stalina.”

147. Another service woman, who would be rumored to be Stalin’s mistress, the housekeeper Varvara Istomina [née Zhbychkina, b. 1917], would be assigned to the Near Dacha only in 1946. Deviatov et al., Blizhniaia, 384. The top service position at the Nearby Dacha was held by Matryona “Motya” Butuzova.

148. The occasion, Aug. 18, 1938, was Aviation Day, one of the country’s most important holidays. Rybin, Stalin v oktiabre, 18–9; Rybin, Stalin na fronte, 41; Turchenko, “Zhenschiny diktatora.” Rybin gives her name as Rusudan Jordaniya (Rybin, Stalin v oktiabre) and as Ruzadan Pachkoriya (Rybin, Stalin na fronte).

149. Vlasik had served in the tsarist army in the Great War, then in the Red Army, soon joining the Cheka, and worked under Pauker from 1926 in the operative department as part of the elite bodyguard corps. On Nov. 19, 1938 (in an appointment signed by both Yezhov and Beria), Vlasik took command of the First Department (bodyguards) in the Main Directorate of State Security (GUGB) (the Kremlin Commandantura of State Security went to N. K. Spiridonov). GARF, f, R-9401, op. 1, d. 1623, l. 157. On Dec. 27, 1938, Vlasik was promoted from senior major to commissar of state security, third level: GARF, f. R-9401, op. 57, d. 1625, l. 273, 76. Like his nemesis Beria, Vlasik would move into a private mansion on Moscow’s innermost ring road.

150. Elagin, Ukroshchenie isskustv, 328.

151. Khaustov, “Deiatel’nost’ organov,” 289 (TsA FSb, f. 3, op. 5, d. 82, l. 51), 304 (TsA FSB, f. 66, op. 1, d. 391, l. 55).

152. Kuromiya and Pepłoński, “The Great Terror,” 665 (citing RGVA, f. 308k, op. 3, d. 456, l. 37, and Archiwum akt nowych Warsaw, Sztab Główny, 616/249: Dec. 10–13, 1937).

153. Japanese consulates remained at Vladivostok, Petrovavlovsk, Okha, and Aleksandrovsk; Manchukuo, Japan’s puppet state, maintained consulates in Chita and Blagoveshchensk.

154. Stephan, Russian Far East, 207.

155. Na prieme, 216 (July 28, 1937); Coox, “Lesser of Two Hells, Part 1,” 151.

156. Shreider, NKVD iznutri, 16.

157. Tumshis and Papchinskii, 1937, bol’shaia chistka, 254.

158. Petrov and Petrov, Empire of Fear, 74–5. Petrov wrongly gives the date for Lyushkov in Rostov as 1938, instead of 1937.