138. Roberta T. Manning, The Crisis of the Old Order in Russia: Gentry and Government (Princeton, N.J., 1982), 155–57.
139. Agrarnoe dvizhenie, II, 30.
140. Manning, Crisis, 142.
141. KA, No. 3/22 (1927), 173–74.
142. Anweiler, Soviets, 59–60.
143. On him, see below, Chap. 9.
144. Anweiler, Soviets, 60; Ascher, Revolution, 301.
145. Ascher, Revolution, 108.
146. Vitte, Vospominaniia, III, 218–51.
Chapter 2
1. Jules Legras, Au Pays Russe (Paris, 1895), 356.
2. A. D. Gradovskii, Sobranie sochinenii, 2nd ed., VII (St. Petersburg, 1907), 1–2.
3. See V. O. Kliuchevskii, Skazaniia inostrantsev o Moskovskom gosudarstve (Moscow, 1918), and Karl H. Ruffman, Das Russlandbild im England Shakespeares (Göttingen, 1952).
4. A. Leroy-Beaulieu, The Empire of the Tsars and the Russians, II (New York-London, 1898), 10.
5. Dnevnik Gosudarstvennogo Sekretariia A. A. Polovtsova, II (Moscow, 1966), 70.
6. S. Iu. Vitte, Samoderzhavie i zemstvo, 2nd ed. (Stuttgart, 1903), 206, citing Mackenzie Wallace.
7. S. S. Oldenburg, Tsarstvovanie Imperatora Nikolaia II, I (Belgrade, 1939), 41.
8. See above, p. 27.
9. Dnevnik V. N. Lamzdorfa (1886–1890) (Moscow-Leningrad, 1926), 140.
10. Ibid., 249–51.
11. S. Iu. Vitte, Vospominaniia, I (Moscow, 1960), 434–35; Andrew M. Verner, Nicholas II and the Role of the Autocrat during the First Russian Revolution, 1904–1907, Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University, 1986, 103.
12. KA, No.3/46 (1931), 10.
13. Vitte, Vospominaniia, II, 585–86.
14. V. Burtsev, Za sto let, I (London, 1897), 264.
15. Vitte, Vospominaniia, II, 266–67.
16. Cited by V. Kantorovich in Byloe, No. 22 (1923), 208–9.
17. Ibid., 206.
18. Vitte, Vospominaniia, II, 328.
19. Ibid., 474.
20. Kantorovich in Byloe, No. 22 (1923), 228.
21. Hans-Joachim Torke in Forschungen, XIII (1967), 227, 257.
22. N. M. Korkunov, Russkoe gosudarstvennoe pravo, 2nd ed., II (St. Petersburg, 1897), 552; Brogkauz & Efron, XXX, 441–42.
23. T. Taranovsky in Canadian Slavonic Papers, XXVI, No. 2–3 (1984), 213–14.
24. Ibid., 212–13.
25. Theodore Taranovsky, The Politics of Counter-Reform: Autocracy and Bureaucracy in the Reign of Alexander III, 1881–1894, Ph.D. Dissertation, Harvard University, 1976.
26. Leroy-Beaulieu, Empire of the Tsars, II, 93–94.
27. V. A. Evreinov, Grazhdanskoe sudoproizvodstvo v Rossii (St. Petersburg, 1887), 39–41, 54; Torke in Forschungen, 14, 56.
28. P. A. Zaionchkovskii, Pravitel’stvennyi apparat samoderzhavnoi Rossii v XIX v. (Moscow, 1978), 90.
29. Ibid., 95–96.
30. N. A. Maklakov in Padenie, V, 207.
31. Leroy-Beaulieu, Empire of the Tsars, II, 82–83.
32. Ibid., 79.
33. MG, No. 10 (1908), 29–30.
34. M. N. Nikonov cited in Dnevnik Lamzdorfa, 135.
35. Pierre Dolgoroukov [Dolgorukov], La Vérité sur la Russie (Paris, 1860), 16.
36. Bernard Pares, Russia and Reform (London, 1907), 154.
37. See S. Frederick Starr, Decentralization and Self-Government in Russia, 1830–1870 (Princeton, N.J., 1972).
38. Richard Pipes, Russia under the Old Regime (London-New York, 1974), 281.
39. Robert E. Jones, The Emancipation of the Russian Nobility, 1762–1785 (Princeton, N.J., 1973), 182.
40. N. A. Rubakin cited in Neil B. Weissman, Reform in Tsarist Russia (New Brunswick, N.J., 1981), 11.
41. S. E. Kryzhanovskii, Vospominaniia, (Berlin, [1938]), 98–99.
42. Walter M. Pintner in SR, XXIX, No. 3 (1970), 432.
43. F. I. Dan, Proiskhozhdenie Bol’shevizma (New York, 1946), 443–44.
44. Taranovsky, Politics of Counter-Reform, 227.
45. Zapiski Aleksandra Ivanovicha Kosheleva (1812–1883 gody) (Berlin, 1884), 31–32.
46. Ministerstvo Vnutrennykh Del, Istoricheskii ocherk (St. Petersburg, 1901), 48–49.
47. KA, No. 3/22 (1927), 169.
48. Hans Rogger in SR, No. 4 (1966), 626.
49. Dnevnik P. A. Valueva, I (Moscow, 1961), 100, entry dated April 14, 1861.
