75. Chetvërtyi (Ob”edinitel’nyi) S”ezd RSDRP; Protokoly, (Moscow, 1959), 525–26.
76. Golovin in Padenie, V, 367, 373.
77. KA, No. 4 (1923), 132.
78. Kokovtsov in Padenie, VII, 88, 97.
79. Tverskoi in VE, XLVII, No. 4 (April 1912), 193.
80. Kryzhanovskii in Vospominaniia, 90, and Padenie, V, 401; and Kryzhanovskii’s letter to V. N. Kokovtsov, dated June 20, 1929, in Kryzhanovskii Archive, Box 1, Bakhmeteff Archive, Columbia University.
81. Kurlov, Gibel’, 94; Kryzhanovskii in Padenie, V, 421.
82. Kryzhanovskii, Vospominaniia, 114.
83. Kryzhanovskii in Padenie, V, 418; Szeftel, Russian Constitution, 259.
84. Hosking, Constitutional Experiment, 50.
85. Alexander Kerensky in SZ, LX (1936), 460.
86. Guchkov in PN, No. 5,619 (August 12, 1936), 2.
87. Kryzhanovskii in Padenie, V, 406, 411, 415.
88. [Konstitutsionno-Demokraticheskaia Partila], Trefia Gosudarstvennaia Duma: Materialy dlia otsenki eë deiatel’nosti (St. Petersburg, 1912), vii.
89. Guchkov in Padenie, VI, 252–53.
90. Hosking, Constitutional Experiment, 136.
91. Kokovtsov, Iz moego proshlogo, II, 8.
92. Struve in RM, No. 10 (October 1911), Pt. 2, 140.
93. Tret’ia Gosudarstvennaia Duma, 286–90.
94. On this subject, see Hosking, Constitutional Experiment, 116–46.
95. Kryzhanovskii, Vospominaniia, 128–30.
96. Kryzhanovskii, Vospominaniia, 218; Guchkov in PN, No. 5,637 (August 30, 1936), 2.
97. The text of the bill as enacted on March 14, 1911, is in Zenkovskii, Pravda o Stolypine, 285–302.
98. A. Ia. Avrekh, Stolypin i Tret’ia Duma (Moscow, 1968), 334–35.
99. Ibid., 331.
100. Ibid., 337.
101. Ibid., 337–38.
102. Guchkov in PN, No. 5,637 (August 30, 1936), 2.
103. Kokovtsov, Iz moego proshlogo, I, 457.
104. V. I. Gurko, Features and Figures of the Past (Stanford, Calif., 1939), 515.
105. Kokovtsov, Iz moego proshlogo, I, 463.
106. Ibid., I, 460–61.
107. Kurlov, Gibel’, 128; Zenkovskii, Pravda, 234.
108. A. F. Girs cited in A. Serebrennikov Ubiistvo Stolypina: svidetel’stva i dokumenty (New York, 1986), 191.
109. Police documents on Bogrov, with his depositions, have been published by B. Strumillo in KL, No. 9 (1923), 177–89, and No. 1/10 (1924), 226–40. There exists a short apologetic biography of the assassin by his brother Vladimir: Dmitrii Bogrov i ubiistvo Stolypina (Berlin, 1931).
110. G. E. Rein, citing General Spiridovich in Serebrennikov, Ubiistvo, 197.
111. The theory that Stolypin had fallen victim of the Okhrana has been recently revived by Avrekh in his Stolypin, 367–406.
112. Kurlov, Gibel’, 75–76.
113. Padenie, VI, 252.
114. KA, No. 4/35 (1929), 210.
115. Kokovtsov, Iz moego proshlogo, II, 8.
116. P. A. Khromov, Ekonomicheskoe razvitie Rossii v XIX-XX vekakh (Moscow, 1950), 454–55.
117. Edmond Théry, La Transformation Economique de la Russie (Paris, 1914), xvii.
118. Pasvolsky and Moulton, Russian Debts, 177.
119. Ibid., 50.
120. Leopold Haimson in SR, XXIII, No. 4 (December 1964), 634–36.
121. The proposition is argued by Haimson, loc. cit., 619–42, and XXIV, No. 1 (March 1965), 1–22.
122. Calculated on the basis of figures in J. I. Griffin, Strikes (New York, 1939), 43.
123. K. G. J. C. Knowles, Strikes: A Study in Industrial Conflict (Oxford, 1952), 310.
124. Haimson in SR, XXIV, No. 1 (1965), 4–8.
125. On this, see Bernice Rosenthal, ed., Nietzsche in Russia (Princeton, N.J., 1986).
126. “Stikhiia i kultura” (1908) in his Sobranie Sochinenii v vos’mi tomakh, V (Moscow-Leningrad, 1962), 351, 359.
Chapter 6
1. Fritz Fischer, War of Illusions (London, 1975) and Germany’s Aims in the First World War (New York, 1961).
2. V. N. Lamzdorf, Dnevnik, 1891–92 (Moscow-Leningrad, 1934), 299.
3. V. A. Emets, Ocherki vneshnei politiki Rossii: 1914–17 (Moscow, 1977), 52–53.
4. A. M. Zaionchkovskii, Mirovaia voina 1914–18 gg., I (Moscow, 1938), 39–40.
5. N. N. Golovin, Voennye usiliia Rossii v mirovoi voine, II (Paris, 1939), 127; Emets, Ocherki, 46.
6. See J. K. Tanenbaum, in E. R. May, ed., Knowing One’s Enemies (Princeton, N.J., 1984), 150–71.
