181. G. Buchanan, My Mission to Russia (Boston, 1923), II, 201; Cf. J. Noulens, Mon Ambassade en Russie Soviétique, 1917–1919, I (Paris, 1933), 116.
182. Buchanan, Mission, II, 214.
183. KA, 1/56 (1933), 137.
184. Melgunov, Kak bol’sheviki, 93–94.
185. Ibid., 88–89.
186. P. N. Maliantovich in Byloe, No. 12 (1918), 113.
187. Revoliutsiia, V, 164, 263–64.
188. SD, No. 193 (October 26, 1917), 1.
189. Trotskii, O Lenine, 74.
190. Maliantovich in Byloe, No. 12 (1918), 114.
191. Ibid., 115.
192. Melgunov, Kak bol’sheviki, 84–85; Alexander Kerensky, Russia and History’s Turning Point (New York, 1965), 435–36.
193. S. Uralov in PR, No. 10/33 (1924), 277.
194. Lenin, PSS, XXXVI, 15–16.
195. Trotsky, History, III, 305–6.
196. K. G. Kotelnikov, ed., Vtoroi Vserossiiskii S”ezd Sovetov R. i S.D. (Moscow-Leningrad, 1928), 164, 166.
197. Ibid., 165–66.
198. Trotskii, O Lenine, 77.
199. Rech’, No. 252 (October 26, 1917), in Revoliutsiia, V, 182.
200. Revoliutsiia, V, 189.
201. Dzenis in Living Age, No. 4,049 (February 11, 1922), 331.
202. Maliantovich in Byloe, No. 12 (1918), 129–30.
203. Decision of the Ispolkom of the All-Russian Soviet of Peasants’ Deputies on October 24, in A. V. Shestakov, ed., Sovety krest’ianskikh deputatov i drugie krest’ianskie organizatsii, I, Pt. 1 (Moscow, 1929), 288.
204. Revoliutsiia, V, 182.
205. L. Trotskii, Istoriia russkoi revoliutsii, II, Pt. 2 (Berlin, 1933), 327.
206. Revoliutsiia, V, 284.
207. Oskar Anweiler, The Soviets (New York, 1974), 260–61.
208. G. Rauzans in Cina (Riga), November 7, 1987. I owe this reference to Professor Andrew Ezergailis.
209. Kotelnikov, S”ezd Sovetov, 37–38, 41–42.
210. Sukhanov, Zapiski, VII, 203.
211. Dekrety, I, 12–16.
212. Ibid., 17–20.
213. Ibid., 17–18.
214. Ibid., 20–21.
215. Sukhanov, Zapiski, VII, 266. Lenin’s offer to Trotsky: Isaac Deutscher, The Prophet Armed: Trotsky, 1870–1921 (New York-London, 1954), 325.
216. Revoliutsiia, VI, 1.
217. E. Ignatov in PR, No. 4/75 (1928), 31.
218. Lenin, PSS, XXXV, 20.
219. Dekrety, I, 18.
220. Ibid., 20.
221. Ibid., 25–26.
222. Melgunov, Kak bol’sheviki, 209–10.
223. Protokoly TsK, 106–7.
224. Revoliutsiia, V, 193–94; Revoliutsiia, VI, 4–5; D. A. Chugaev, ed., Triumfal’noe shestvie sovetskoi vlasti (Moscow, 1963), 500.
225. V. A. Kondratev, ed., Moskovskii Voenno-Revoliutsionnyi Komitet: Oktiabr’–Noiabr’ 1917 goda (Moscow, 1968), 22.
226. Ibid., 78.
227. Ibid., 103–4.
228. Ibid., 161.
229. Among those who have are V. Leikina in PR, No. 2/49 (1926), 185–233, No. 11/58 (1926), 234–55, and No. 12/59 (1926), 238–54, and John L. H. Keep in Richard Pipes, ed., Revolutionary Russia (Cambridge, Mass., 1968), 180–216.
230. L. Trotskii, Sochineniia, III, Pt. 1 (Moscow, n.d.), L.
231. Dekrety, I, 2.
232. W. Pietsch, Revolution und Staat (Köln, 1969), 68; Lenin, PSS, XXXV, 46.
233. NZh, No. 173/167 (November 5, 1917), 1.
234. NZh, No. 171/165 (November 3, 1917), 3. The French Consul, F. Grenard, reports a similar reaction in Petrograd: La Révolution Russe (Paris, 1933), 285. For the provinces, see Keep in Pipes, Revolutionary Russia, 211.
Chapter 12
1. W. Pietsch, Revolution und Staat (Köln, 1969), 140.
2. N. Sukhanov, Zapiski o revoliutsii, VII (Berlin-Petersburg-Moscow, 1923), 266.
3. R. M. Maclver, The Web of Government (New York, 1947), 123.
4. E. Frankel, The Dual State (London-New York, 1941).
5. C. C. Brinton, The Jacobins (New York, 1961).
6. K. G. Kotelnikov, ed., Vtoroi Vserossiiskii S”ezd Sovetov R. iS.D. (Moscow-Leningrad, 1928), 107.
7. Desiatyi S”ezd RKP (b), Mart 1921 goda: Stenograficheskii otchët (Moscow, 1963), 407.
8. I. Stalin, Voprosy Leninizma, nth ed. (Moscow, 1952), 126.
9. Deviatyi S”ezd RKP (b): Protokoly (Moscow, 1960), 307.
10. Leonard Schapiro, The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (London, 1960), 231; BSE, XI, 531.
11. Merle Fainsod, How Russia Is Ruled (Cambridge, Mass., 1963), 177.
12. Sukhanov, Zapiski, II, 244.
13. B. Avilov in NZh, No. 18/232 (January 25/February 7, 1918), 1.
