95. IR, No. 9/302 (February 21, 1931), 8–9.
96. Melgunov Archive, Hoover Institution, Box 4, Folder 26, pp. 9–10.
97. NChS (Berlin-Prague), No. 9 (1925), 111–41.
98. D. Venner, Histoire de l’Armée Rouge (Paris, 1981), 141.
99. Zinoviev in Ezhenedel’nik VChK, No. 6 (October 27,1918), 21; K. Alinin in Cheka (Odessa, 1919), 3. Further on fears of the Cheka in Bolshevik ranks: Alfons Paquet, Im kommunistischen Russland (Jena, 1919), 124–25.
100. Pravda, No. 216 (October 8, 1918), 1.
101. Petrogradskaia Pravda, No. 237/463 (October 29, 1918), 1.
102. Golinkov, Krushenie, I, 232.
103. Ezhenedel’nik VChK, No. 3 (October 6, 1918), 7–8.
104. Vechernye Izvestiia, No. 161 (February 3, 1919).
105. N. Moskovskii in Petrogradskaia Pravda, No. 237/463 (October 29, 1918), 1.
106. N. Zubov, F. E. Dzerzhinskii: Biografiia, 3rd ed. (Moscow, 1971), 80–81.
107. Cited by Krylenko in Izvestiia, No. 25/577 (February 4, 1919), 1.
108. E.g., G. Moroz in VS, No. 11 (1919), 4–6, and Zinoviev in Ezhenedel’nik VChK, No. 6 (October 27, 1918), 10.
109. Leggett, Cheka, 69.
110. Kievskie Izvestiia, No. 44 (May 17, 1919).
111. Dekrety, III, 458–59.
112. Golinkov, Krushenie, I, 232.
113. Izvestiia, No. 17/569 (January 25, 1919), 3.
114. Vechernye Izvestiia, No. 159 (January 31,1919); cf. Krylenko in Izvestiia, No. 25/577 (February 4, 1919), 1.
115. Lenin i VChK, 144–45.
116. E.g., N. Norov in Vechernye Izvestiia, No. 172 (February 15, 1919).
117. N. V. Krylenko, Sud i pravo v SSSR, cited in Melgunov Archive, Hoover Institution, Box 4, Folder 25.
118. Leggett, Cheka, 216.
119. IA, No. 1 (1958), 8–9.
120. I. Polikarenko, ed., Osoboe zadanie (Moscow, 1977), illustration between pp. 296 and 297.
121. Leggett, Cheka, 208–9, 238.
122. Liberman, Building, 14–15.
123. Leggett, Cheka, 93.
124. Ibid., 210.
125. Ibid., 212–13.
126. L. Trotskii in Izvestiia, No. 171 (August 11, 1918), 1.
127. IA, No. 1 (1958), 10.
128. Dekrety, IV, 400–2.
129. Ibid. V, 69–70.
130. Ibid., 174–81.
131. D. J. Dallin and B. I. Nicolaevsky, Forced Labor in Soviet Russia (New Haven, Conn., 1947), 299.
132. Dekrety, V, 511–12.
133. Kaminski, Konzentrationslager, 87.
134. A. Solzhenitsyn cited in Kaminski, Konzentrationslager, 87. See further James Bunyan, The Origin of Forced Labor in the Soviet State: 1917–1921 (Baltimore, 1967).
135. Cheka i materialy, 242–47.
136. Kaminski, Konzentrationslager, 82–83.
137. Boris Nikolaevskii in SV, No. 8–9/732–733 (1959), 167–72; G. H. Leggett in Survey, No. 2/107 (1979), 193–99.
138. Leggett, Cheka, 464; M. la. Latsis, Dva goda bor’by na vnutrennem fronte (Moscow, 1920), 75.
139. Otchët Tsentral’nogo Upravleniia Chrezvychainykh Komissii pri Sovnarkome Ukrainy za 1929 138. god (Kharkov, 1921), in W. H. Chamberlin, The Russian Revolution, 1917–21, II (New York, 1935), 75.
140. Lower figure in K. Alinin, Tche-Ka (London, n.d.), 65, higher in Leggett, Cheka, 464.
141. Chamberlin, Revolution, II, 75; Leggett, Cheka, 359.
142. I. Steinberg, Gewalt und Terror in der Revolution (Berlin, 1974), 16.
143. Ibid., 138–39.
144. The Bullitt Mission to Russia (New York, 1919), 115.
145. Pierre Pascal, En Russie Rouge (Petrograd, 1920), 6.
146. International Committee for Political Prisoners, Letters from Russian Prisons (New York, 1925), 2, 15, 13.
Afterword
1. A. Ksiunin in VO, No. 55 (June 22, 1918), 1.
ONE HUNDRED WORKS ON THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
The following selection of literature on the Russian Revolution is admittedly subjective: I have chosen books from which I have learned the most. Unfortunately, although the serious literature in Western languages increases each year, the bulk of the material is still in Russian. Additional references will be found in the footnotes and endnotes.
Part I
