27. I. Steinberg, Als ich Volkskommissar war (Munich, 1929), 123–28.
28. S. Varshavskii in NS, No. 4 (April 17, 1918), 1.
29. SiM, No. 6 (1985), 65.
30. NS, No. 4 (April 17, 1918), 1.
31. Ia. Berman in PRiP, No. 1/11 (1919), 70.
32. Kozhevnikov, Istoriia, 83.
33. PR, No. 10/33 (1924), 5–6; PR, No. 9/56 (1926), 82–83; V. I Lenin i VChK: Sbornik Dokumentov (Moscow, 1975), 36—38.
34. Izvestiia, No. 248 (December 10/23, 1917), 3.
35. Lenin i VChK, 36–37.
36. PR, No. 10/33 (1924); 5; M. Pokrovskii in Pravda, No. 290/3,822 (December 18, 1927), 2.
37. N. V. Krylenko, Sudoproizvodstvo RFSSR (Moscow, 1924), 100, cited in G. Leggett, The Cheka: Lenin’s Political Police (Oxford, 1986), 18.
38. NZh, No. 71/286 (April 19, 1918), 3.
39. P. G. Sofinov, Ocherki istorii Vserossiiskoi Chrezvychainoi Komissii (1917-22 gg.) (Moscow, 1960), 21. The higher figure is from Leggett, Cheka, 34.
40. la. Kh. Peters in PR, No. 10/33 (1924), 10–11.
41. I. Steinberg, In the Workshop of the Revolution (London, 1955), 145.
42. R. H. B. Lockhart, Memoirs of a British Agent (London, 1935), 333.
43. NZh, No. 112/327 (June 9, 1918), 4.
44. L. Gerson, The Secret Police in Lenin’s Russia (Philadelphia, 1976), 27; Leggett, Cheka, 47–48.
45. LS, XXI, 111–12.
46. Ibid., 112–13.
47. Ibid., 113–14.
48. Gerson, Secret Police, 30.
49. Sofinov, Ocherki, 23.
50. D. L. Golinkov, Krushenie antisovetskogo podpol’ia v SSSR, I (Moscow, 1980), 62.
51. Dekrety, I, 490–91.
52. Izvestiia, No. 32/296 (February 10/23, 1918), 1.
53. Iz istorii Vserossiiskoi Chrezvychainoi Komissii, 1917–1921 gg. (Moscow, 1958), 96–98.
54. Leggett, Cheka, 58; details in IR, No. 7/300 (February 7, 1931), 6–9.
55. Sofinov, Ocherki, 39.
56. Iz istorii VChK, 138. Other important resolutions in Leggett, Cheka, 38–39.
57. Lockhart, Memoirs, 320.
58. G. Semenov [Vasilev], Voennaia i boevaia rabota Partii Sotsialistov-Revoliutsionerov za 1917–18 gg. (Berlin, 1922).
59. Balabanoff, Life as a Rebel, 187–88.
60. V. Bonch-Bruevich, Tri pokusheniia na V. I. Lenina (Moscow, 1930), 98.
61. N. N. Sukhanov, Zapiski o revoliutsii, III (Berlin-Petersburg-Moscow, 1922), 23, 26.
62. LN, LXXX (1971), 52.
63. Richard Pipes, Russia under the Old Regime (New York, 1974), 309; Iz istorii VChK, 263–64.
64. Liberman, Building, 9.
65. J. Monnerot, Sociology and Psychology of Communism (Boston, 1953), 223.
66. See L. V. Bulgakova, Materialy dlia bibliografii Lenina, 1917–23 (Leningrad, 1924).
67. Cf. Izvestiia, No. 190/454 (September 4, 1918), 6–7.
68. V. Bonch-Bruevich, Tri pokusheniia na V. I. Lenina (Moscow, 1930), 103.
69. G. Zinoviev cited in Nina Tumarkin, Lenin Lives! (Cambridge, Mass., 1983), 82; L. Cerfaux and J. Tondriau, Le Culte des Souverains dans la Civilisation Gréco-Romaine (Tournai, 1957), 291.
70. For examples, see Tumarkin, Lenin, 83–86.
71. Cerfaux and Tondriau, Le Culte, 427.
72. W. S. Ferguson in The Cambridge Ancient History, VII (Cambridge, 1928), 21.
73. Melgunov Archive, Hoover Institution, Box 4, Folder 26.
74. Ibid.
75. Lenin, PSS, XXXVI, 196.
76. Ibid., L, 106.
77. Ibid., 142.
78. Izvestiia, No. 134/398 (June 30, 1918), 3.
79. Ibid., No. 181/445 (August 23, 1918), 2.
80. Ibid., No. 190/454 (September 4, 1918), 5.
81. Dekrety, III, 291–92.
82. See, for instance, Chap. 16 above.
83. SUiR, I (1917–18), 777.
84. Izvestiia, No. 189/453 (September 3, 1918), 4.
85. Ibid.
86. Ezhenedel’nik VChK, No. 2 (September 29, 1918), 11.
87. Severnaia kommuna, No. 109 (September 19, 1918), 2, cited in Leggett, Cheka, 114.
88. Krasnaia gazeta, September 1, 1918, cited in Leggett, Cheka, 108.
89. Karl Radek in Izvestiia, No. 192/456 (September 6, 1918), 1.
90. Grigorii Aronson, Na zare krasnogo terrora (Berlin, 1929), 56.
91. Cheka i materialy po deiatel’nosti Chrezvychainykh Komissii (Berlin, 1922), 80.
92. Steinberg, In the Workshop, 163; Aronson, Na zare, 27. 71.
93. See above, Chap. 12.
94. Steinberg, In the Workshop, 227.
